Shloka 27

Adhyāya 123 — Droṇa’s Pedagogy: Arjuna’s Preeminence, Ekalavya’s Self-Training, and the Bhāsa-Lakṣya Trial

Devanagari script

आरिराधयिषुर्देव॑ त्रिदशानां तमीश्वरम्‌ सूर्येण सह धर्मात्मा पर्यतप्पत भारत

Transliteration

ārīrādhayiṣur deva tridāśānāṃ tam īśvaram | sūryeṇa saha dharmātmā paryatappata bhārata ||

Translation

اے بھارت! تینتیس دیوتاؤں کے اس ربّ دیوتا کو راضی کرنے کی خواہش میں دھرماتما پانڈو سورج کے ساتھ ساتھ تپسیا میں جلتا رہا۔

Word by Word

• आरिराधयिषुः: wishing to propitiate
• आरिराधयिषुः: Karta
• Type: Noun
• Root: आरिराधयिषु (इच्छार्थक-प्रातिपदिकम्; धातु: राध्/राधय्)
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• देव: O god
• Type: Noun
• Root: देव
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

• त्रिदशानाम्: of the thirty (gods)
• त्रिदशानाम्: Sambandha
• Type: Noun
• Root: त्रिदश
• Form: Masculine, Genitive, Plural

• तम्: him
• तम्: Karma
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद्
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• ईश्वरम्: the lord
• ईश्वरम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: ईश्वर
• Form: Masculine, Accusative, Singular

• सूर्येण: with/through the Sun
• सूर्येण: Karana
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य
• Form: Masculine, Instrumental, Singular

• सह: together with
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: सह

• धर्मात्मा: the righteous-souled one
• धर्मात्मा: Karta
• Type: Adjective
• Root: धर्मात्मन्
• Form: Masculine, Nominative, Singular

• पर्यतपत्: performed austerity / was heated (by penance)
• Type: Verb
• Root: परि-तप्
• Form: Imperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular

• भारत: O Bhārata
• Type: Noun
• Root: भारत
• Form: Masculine, Vocative, Singular

Speaker

वैशम्पायन उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vaiśampāyana
• Tridāśa (the Thirty-three gods)
• Īśvara (the Lord)
• Sūrya
• Bhārata (Janamejaya as addressee)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights tapas guided by dharma: disciplined austerity and devotion are presented as ethical means to seek divine grace, emphasizing inner righteousness (dharmātmā) rather than mere power-seeking.

What is happening in the narrative?

Vaiśampāyana narrates that a righteous figure, intent on pleasing the Lord of the Thirty-three gods, undertakes intense austerities in association with Sūrya, indicating a deliberate act of worship and self-discipline within the unfolding Adi Parva story.