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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 35

Jambūdvīpa Varṣas, Bhārata as Karmabhūmi, and the Sacred Hydro-Topography of Dharma

सोदावरी भीमरथी कृष्णा वर्णा च मत्सरी / तुङ्गभ्द्रा सुप्रयोगा कावेरी च द्विजोत्तमाः / दक्षिणापथगा नद्यः सह्यपादविनिः सृताः

sodāvarī bhīmarathī kṛṣṇā varṇā ca matsarī / tuṅgabhdrā suprayogā kāverī ca dvijottamāḥ / dakṣiṇāpathagā nadyaḥ sahyapādaviniḥ sṛtāḥ

اے دِوِجوتّم! گوداوری، بھیم رَتھی، کرشنا، وَرنا، مَتسَری، تُنگ بھدرا، سُپریوگا اور کاویری—یہ ندیاں دَکشنापَتھ میں بہتی ہیں اور سہیہ پہاڑ کے دامن سے نکلتی ہیں۔

sodāvarīSodāvarī (river name)
sodāvarī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsodāvarī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
bhīmarathīBhīmarathī (river name)
bhīmarathī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootbhīma (प्रातिपदिक) + rathī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास
kṛṣṇāKṛṣṇā (river name)
kṛṣṇā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛṣṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
varṇāVarṇā (river name)
varṇā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootvarṇā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
matsarīMatsarī (river name)
matsarī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootmatsarī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
tuṅgabhadrāTuṅgabhadrā (river name)
tuṅgabhadrā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottuṅgā (प्रातिपदिक) + bhadrā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; कर्मधारय-समास
suprayogāSuprayogā (river name)
suprayogā:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootsu (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + prayoga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (सु-प्रयोगः)
kāverīKāverī (river name)
kāverī:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootkāverī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)
dvijottamāḥO best of the twice-born
dvijottamāḥ:
Sambodhana/Address (सम्बोधन; vocative sense in context)
TypeNoun
Rootdvija (प्रातिपदिक) + uttama (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; तत्पुरुष-समास (द्विजानाम् उत्तमाः)
dakṣiṇāpathagāḥsituated in the southern region
dakṣiṇāpathagāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of nadyaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootdakṣiṇāpatha (प्रातिपदिक) + ga (ग, कृदन्त; √gam (धातु))
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक 'ग' (going/located); तत्पुरुष-समास (दक्षिणापथे गाः/गताः)
nadyaḥrivers
nadyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootnadī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन
sahyapādaviniḥsṛtāḥflowing forth from the foot of Sahya
sahyapādaviniḥsṛtāḥ:
Visheshana (विशेषण/Qualifier of nadyaḥ)
TypeAdjective
Rootsahya (प्रातिपदिक) + pāda (प्रातिपदिक) + viniḥsṛta (कृदन्त; √sṛ (धातु) + vi + nis् उपसर्ग)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, बहुवचन; भूतकृदन्त (क्त), 'विनिःसृत' = flowed forth; तत्पुरुष-समास (सह्यस्य पादात् विनिःसृताः)

Narrator (Purāṇic teacher continuing the tirtha–nadī catalogue; traditionally Sūta/authoritative narrator addressing sages)

Primary Rasa: shanta

Secondary Rasa: adbhuta

G
Godāvarī
B
Bhīmarathī
K
Kṛṣṇā
V
Varṇā
M
Matsarī
T
Tuṅgabhadrā
S
Suprayogā
K
Kāverī
D
Dakṣiṇāpatha
S
Sahya

FAQs

This verse is primarily geographical and tīrtha-oriented; it does not directly define Ātman. Indirectly, by sanctifying rivers as purifying flows arising from a sacred mountain, it supports the Purāṇic view that the same divine reality pervades places, waters, and beings, making tīrtha-sevā a preparatory aid for inner realization.

No explicit yogic technique is taught in this śloka. In the Kurma Purāṇa’s wider discipline, such river-catalogues function as tīrtha-smaraṇa and tīrtha-yātrā prompts—supportive practices for śauca (purification), vrata, japa, and devotion that mature into the higher teachings later associated with Pāśupata-oriented and Śaiva–Vaiṣṇava synthesis.

The verse itself does not mention Śiva or Viṣṇu. Its tīrtha framework aligns with the Kurma Purāṇa’s integrative stance: sacred geography is shared devotional ground where Śaiva and Vaiṣṇava worship, vows, and purifications co-exist, preparing the seeker for the text’s broader non-sectarian theology.