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Kurma Purana — Purva Bhaga, Shloka 1

Yuga-Dharma: The Four Ages, Decline of Dharma, and the Rise of Social Order

इति श्रीकूर्मपुराणे षट्साहस्त्र्यां संहितायां पूर्वविभागे षड्विंशो ऽध्यायः ऋषय ऊचुः कृतं त्रेता द्वापरं च कलिश्चेति चतुर्युगम् / एषां स्वभावं सूताद्य कथयस्व समासतः

iti śrīkūrmapurāṇe ṣaṭsāhastryāṃ saṃhitāyāṃ pūrvavibhāge ṣaḍviṃśo 'dhyāyaḥ ṛṣaya ūcuḥ kṛtaṃ tretā dvāparaṃ ca kaliśceti caturyugam / eṣāṃ svabhāvaṃ sūtādya kathayasva samāsataḥ

یوں شری کورم پران کی شٹ ساہستری سنہتا کے پُروَ بھاگ میں چھبیسواں ادھیائے۔ رشیوں نے کہا—کرت، تریتا، دواپر اور کلی—یہ چار یگ چتُریُگ ہیں؛ اے سوت! اِن سب کی فطرت مختصراً بیان کیجیے۔

itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/quotative marker)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative particle)
śrī-kūrma-purāṇein the Śrī Kūrma Purāṇa
śrī-kūrma-purāṇe:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootśrī + kūrma + purāṇa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (श्रीकूर्मस्य पुराणम्)
ṣaṭ-sāhastryāmin the ‘six-thousand’ (section)
ṣaṭ-sāhastryām:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootṣaṭ + sāhastrī (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (षट् सहस्राणि यस्याम्)
saṃhitāyāmin the Saṃhitā
saṃhitāyām:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsaṃhitā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन
pūrva-vibhāgein the former division
pūrva-vibhāge:
Adhikarana (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootpūrva + vibhāga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सप्तमी (7th/अधिकरण), एकवचन; तत्पुरुष-समासः (पूर्वः विभागः)
ṣaḍ-viṃśaḥtwenty-sixth
ṣaḍ-viṃśaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootṣaṭ + viṃśa (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (षट् अधिका विंशतिः = 26)
adhyāyaḥchapter
adhyāyaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootadhyāya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन
ṛṣayaḥthe sages
ṛṣayaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootṛṣi (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), बहुवचन
ūcuḥsaid
ūcuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootvac (धातु)
Formलिट् (Perfect/परोक्शभूत), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपदम्
kṛtamKṛta (age)
kṛtam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; युगनाम
tretāTretā (age)
tretā:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक)
Formस्त्रीलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; युगनाम
dvāparamDvāpara (age)
dvāparam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootdvāpara (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; युगनाम
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
kaliḥKali (age)
kaliḥ:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootkali (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; प्रथमा/द्वितीया (1st/2nd), एकवचन; युगनाम
caand
ca:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चय (conjunction)
itithus
iti:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootiti (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; इति-शब्दः (quotative/summary marker)
catur-yugamthe four ages (caturyuga)
catur-yugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (चत्वारि युगानि)
eṣāmof these
eṣām:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
TypeNoun
Rootidam (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formषष्ठी (6th/सम्बन्ध), बहुवचन; सर्वनाम
svabhāvamnature
svabhāvam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootsvabhāva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन
sūtaO Sūta
sūta:
Sambodhana (सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग; सम्बोधन (Vocative/सम्बोधन), एकवचन
adyanow/today
adya:
Kāla (काल)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootadya (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; कालवाचक (temporal adverb)
kathayasvatell (please)
kathayasva:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootkathaya (धातु: कथय्/कथ् caus.)
Formलोट् (Imperative/आज्ञार्थ), मध्यमपुरुष (2nd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपदम्
samāsataḥbriefly
samāsataḥ:
Prakāra (प्रकार)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootsamāsatas (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक (manner adverb)

The sages (Ṛṣis), addressing Sūta

Primary Rasa: adbhuta

Secondary Rasa: shanta

S
Sūta
K
Kṛta Yuga
T
Tretā Yuga
D
Dvāpara Yuga
K
Kali Yuga
C
Caturyuga

FAQs

This verse does not directly define Ātman; it frames a doctrinal inquiry into time (caturyuga) and dharma across ages—an essential Purāṇic context in which liberation-teachings (including knowledge of Self) are later presented.

No specific yoga practice is taught in this verse; it introduces a request for a concise account of yuga-characteristics, which typically determines which sādhana (discipline)—ritual, devotion, austerity, or contemplative yoga—is emphasized in each age in the broader Purāṇic teaching.

This verse is a narrative prompt rather than a theological statement; it sets up instruction by Sūta on cosmic time and dharma, within the Kurma Purana’s wider framework that often harmonizes Shaiva and Vaishnava teachings through shared dharma and soteriology.