Garuda Purana — Preta Kalpa, Shloka 15

Svapnādhāya (Dream-Chapter): Causes, Forms, Nourishment, and Liberation of Pretas

भ्रातृध्रुग्ब्रह्महा गोघ्नः सुरापो गुरुतल्पगः / हेमक्षौमहरस्तार्क्ष्य स वै प्रेतत्वमाप्नुयात्

bhrātṛdhrugbrahmahā goghnaḥ surāpo gurutalpagaḥ / hemakṣaumaharastārkṣya sa vai pretatvamāpnuyāt

اے تارکشیہ (گرُڑ)! جو بھائی سے دغا کرے، برہمن کو قتل کرے، گائے کو مارے، شراب پئے، گرو کی سیج کی بے حرمتی کرے، یا سونا اور نفیس کپڑا چرائے—وہ یقیناً پریتتْو کو پہنچتا ہے۔

भ्रातृध्रुक्one who harms/betrays a brother
भ्रातृध्रुक्:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbhrātṛ + dhruk (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (भ्रातुः ध्रुक् = भ्रातृद्रोही)
ब्रह्महाslayer of a brahmin
ब्रह्महा:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootbrahman + han (प्रातिपदिक; √हन् धातु-निष्पन्न)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—द्वितीया-तत्पुरुषः (ब्रह्माणं हन्ति)
गोघ्नःcow-killer
गोघ्नः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootgo + ghna (प्रातिपदिक; √हन्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—द्वितीया-तत्पुरुषः (गां हन्ति)
सुरापःdrinker of liquor
सुरापः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsurā + pa (प्रातिपदिक; √पा)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—द्वितीया-तत्पुरुषः (सुरां पिबति)
गुरुतल्पगःone who violates the teacher’s bed
गुरुतल्पगः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootguru + talpa + ga (प्रातिपदिक; √गम्)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (गुरोः तल्पं गच्छति/सेवते)
हेमक्षौमहरःstealer of gold and linen
हेमक्षौमहरः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roothema + kṣauma + hara (प्रातिपदिक; √हृ)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः—द्वन्द्व (हेम च क्षौमं च) + तत्पुरुष (हरः = हरणकर्ता)
तार्क्ष्यO Tārkṣya (Garuda)
तार्क्ष्य:
Sambodhana (Address/सम्बोधन)
TypeNoun
Roottārkṣya (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सम्बोधन (8th/vocative), एकवचन
he
:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/कर्ता), एकवचन; सर्वनाम
वैindeed
वै:
Sambandha (Particle/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootvai (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय (निश्चयार्थक/particle: emphasis)
प्रेतत्वम्the state of being a preta
प्रेतत्वम्:
Karman (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootpreta + tva (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), एकवचन; भाववाचक तद्धित (त्व)
आप्नुयात्would attain
आप्नुयात्:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootā + √आप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Lord Vishnu (speaking to Garuda/Tārkṣya)

Afterlife Stage: Pretayoni

Concept: Mahāpātakas (brahmahatyā, gohatyā, surāpāna, gurutalpagamana, and theft of gold/cloth; plus betrayal of brother) precipitate preta-bhāva.

Vedantic Theme: Adharma thickens avidyā and tamas, binding the jīva to painful intermediate states; ethical order is a prerequisite for inner purification.

Application: Avoid the listed grave harms; if committed, seek prāyaścitta under śāstric guidance, cultivate repentance, and adopt sustained dharmic conduct.

Primary Rasa: raudra

Secondary Rasa: bhayanaka

Related Themes: Garuda Purana: lists of pāpa/mahāpātaka and their fruits; naraka descriptions elsewhere in Pretakalpa

G
Garuda
P
Pretas
B
Brahmana
G
Guru

FAQs

This verse identifies major transgressions (mahāpātaka-type acts) that obstruct a peaceful post-death transition, resulting in preta-hood and suffering until proper expiation or rites are completed.

It states that certain grave karmas can bind the departed to a restless intermediate condition (preta), implying delayed progress toward Yama’s lawful journey and onward states due to heavy demerit.

Live by dharma—avoid harm, betrayal, and exploitation; uphold respect for teachers and sacred trusts; and if harm was done, seek ethical rectification and prescribed atonement/ritual support for the departed.