Shloka 68
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
स्वायंभुवेंऽतरे देवैर्यज्ञस्तैः प्राक्प्रवर्त्तितः / सत्यं जपस्तपो दानं त्रेताया धर्म उच्यते
Transliteration
svāyaṃbhuveṃ'tare devairyajñastaiḥ prākpravarttitaḥ / satyaṃ japastapo dānaṃ tretāyā dharma ucyate
Translation
سوایمبھُو منونتر میں دیوتاؤں نے پہلے یَجْنَ کا آغاز کیا؛ تریتا یُگ میں سچائی، جپ، تپسیا اور دان ہی دھرم کہلاتے ہیں۔
Word by Word
svāyaṃbhuvein (the period of) Svāyaṃbhuva
svāyaṃbhuve:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootsvāyaṃbhuva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; proper name/Manu-epoch reference
antarein the manvantara/interval
antare:
Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
TypeNoun
Rootantara (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Locative (7th/सप्तमी), Singular; used adverbially with locative: 'in the interval/Manvantara'
devaiḥby the gods
devaiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootdeva (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural
yajñaḥthe sacrifice
yajñaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootyajña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
taiḥby them/with those
taiḥ:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental (3rd/तृतीया), Plural; pronoun
prākformerly
prāk:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāk (अव्यय)
FormIndeclinable adverb (काल/देश-अव्यय): 'formerly/before'
pravartitaḥwas set in motion/was instituted
pravartitaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootpra√vṛt (धातु) + -ta (कृत्)
FormPast passive participle (क्त/ktá), Masculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; agrees with yajñaḥ
satyamtruthfulness
satyam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsatya (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
japaḥmuttering/prayer-recitation
japaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootjapa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
tapaḥausterity
tapaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottapas (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
dānamgift/charity
dānam:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdāna (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular; item in list
tretāyāḥof the Tretā (age)
tretāyāḥ:
Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Roottretā (प्रातिपदिक)
FormFeminine, Genitive (6th/षष्ठी), Singular; yuga-name
dharmaḥdharma (righteous order)
dharmaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st/प्रथमा), Singular
ucyateis said/is called
ucyate:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormPresent tense (लट्/Laṭ), Passive voice (कर्मणि), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Singular