Shloka 2
Yuga-Vibhāga and Kāla-Pramāṇa
Measures of Time and the Four Yugas
Devanagari script
सूत उवाच पृथिव्यादिप्रसंगेन यन्मया प्रागुदीरितम् / तेषां चतुर्युगं ह्येतत्तद्वक्ष्यामि निबोधत
Transliteration
sūta uvāca pṛthivyādiprasaṃgena yanmayā prāgudīritam / teṣāṃ caturyugaṃ hyetattadvakṣyāmi nibodhata
Translation
سوت نے کہا—زمین وغیرہ کے ضمن میں جو میں نے پہلے کہا تھا، انہی کا یہ چتُریُگ ہے؛ اب میں اسے بیان کرتا ہوں، غور سے سنو۔
Word by Word
sūtaḥSūta
sūtaḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootsūta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana
uvācasaid
uvāca:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLiṭ lakāra (perfect), Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
pṛthivī-ādi-prasaṅgenathrough the context of the earth etc.
pṛthivī-ādi-prasaṅgena:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootpṛthivī (प्रातिपदिक) + ādi (अव्यय/प्रातिपदिक) + prasaṅga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṃliṅga, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana; tatpuruṣa ‘pṛthivyādyāḥ prasaṅgaḥ’ (context of earth etc.), instrumental ‘by/through the context’
yatwhich
yat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootyad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; relative pronoun ‘which’
mayāby me
mayā:
Karaṇa (करण)
TypeNoun
Rootasmad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormSarvanāma, Tṛtīyā, Ekavacana
prākpreviously
prāk:
Kāla-adhikaraṇa (कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootprāk (अव्यय)
FormAvyaya (adverb) ‘earlier/before’
udīritamstated; uttered
udīritam:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootud-√īr (धातु) → udīrita (कृदन्त)
FormBhūta-kṛdanta (past passive participle), Napuṃsaka, Prathamā/Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; ‘was stated’
teṣāmof those
teṣām:
Ṣaṣṭhī-sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormṢaṣṭhī, Bahuvacana
caturyugamthe four-yuga cycle
caturyugam:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootcatur (प्रातिपदिक संख्या) + yuga (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; dvigu collective ‘set of four yugas’
hiindeed
hi:
Sambandha-bodhaka (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
TypeIndeclinable
Roothi (अव्यय)
FormNipāta
etatthis
etat:
Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
TypeNoun
Rootetad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; demonstrative referring to caturyugam
tatthat
tat:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक सर्वनाम)
FormNapuṃsaka, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; used correlatively with etat
vakṣyāmiI will explain
vakṣyāmi:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Root√vac (धातु)
FormLuṭ lakāra (लुट्, periphrastic future), Parasmaipada, Uttama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
nibodhataunderstand; take note (you all)
nibodhata:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootni-√budh (धातु)
FormLoṭ lakāra (लोट्, imperative), Parasmaipada, Madhyama-puruṣa (2nd), Bahuvacana