Shloka 21
पितृसर्ग-श्राद्धप्रश्नाः
Pitri-Origins and Shraddha Queries
Devanagari script
तेभ्यस्ते नियतात्मानः पुत्राः शंसुरनेकधा / प्रयश्चित्तानि धर्मज्ञावाङ्मनः कर्मजानि च
Transliteration
tebhyaste niyatātmānaḥ putrāḥ śaṃsuranekadhā / prayaścittāni dharmajñāvāṅmanaḥ karmajāni ca
Translation
ان کے سامنے ضبطِ نفس والے اور دھرم کے جاننے والے بیٹوں نے کئی طرح کے کفّارے بتائے—قول، دل اور عمل سے پیدا ہونے والے عیوب کے لیے۔
Word by Word
tebhyaḥfrom them
tebhyaḥ:
Apādāna (अपादान)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Masculine/Neuter, Ablative (5th/पञ्चमी) Plural (or Dative 4th plural); here Ablative ‘from them’
tethey
te:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Roottad (प्रातिपदिक)
FormSarvanāma, Masculine, Nominative, Plural
niyata-ātmānaḥself-restrained
niyata-ātmānaḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootniyata (नियत, kta of √yam/√ni-yam) + ātman (आत्मन्)
FormBahuvrīhi ‘whose self is disciplined’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies putrāḥ/te
putrāḥsons
putrāḥ:
Karta (कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootputra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormMasculine, Nominative (1st), Plural
śaṃsuḥdeclared/told
śaṃsuḥ:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootśaṃs (धातु)
FormLuṅ (aorist), 3rd person, Plural, Parasmaipada
anekadhāin many ways
anekadhā:
Kriyā-viśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootaneka-dhā (अव्यय; धा-प्रत्यय)
FormAvyaya adverb ‘in many ways’
prāyaścittāniexpiations
prāyaścittāni:
Karma (कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootprāyaścitta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNeuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural
dharmajñāḥknowing dharma
dharmajñāḥ:
Karta-anvaya (कर्तृ-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootdharma (प्रातिपदिक) + jña (प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) ‘knowers of dharma’; Masculine, Nominative, Plural; qualifies putrāḥ
vāṅ-manaḥ-karmajāniarising from speech, mind, and deeds
vāṅ-manaḥ-karmajāni:
Karma-anvaya (कर्म-विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootvāc (वाच्/वाङ्, प्रातिपदिक) + manas (मनस्, प्रातिपदिक) + karma (कर्मन्, प्रातिपदिक) + ja (ज, प्रातिपदिक)
FormTatpuruṣa (तत्पुरुष) with coordination inside: ‘born of speech, mind, and action’; Neuter, Accusative (2nd), Plural; qualifies prāyaścittāni
caand
ca:
Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootca (अव्यय)
FormConjunction particle