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Shloka 57

Parīkṣit’s Questions and the Prelude to Kṛṣṇa’s Advent

Earth’s Burden, Viṣṇu’s Order, and Kaṁsa’s Fear

कीर्तिमन्तं प्रथमजं कंसायानकदुन्दुभि: । अर्पयामास कृच्छ्रेण सोऽनृतादतिविह्वल: ॥ ५७ ॥

kīrtimantaṁ prathamajaṁ kaṁsāyānakadundubhiḥ arpayām āsa kṛcchreṇa so ’nṛtād ativihvalaḥ

وعدہ توڑ کر جھوٹا کہلانے کے خوف سے وسودیو (آنکدُندُبھِی) سخت مضطرب تھا؛ اسی لیے بڑی تکلیف کے ساتھ اس نے اپنے پہلے بیٹے کیرتیمان کو کنس کے ہاتھوں میں سونپ دیا۔

kīrtimantamrenowned
kīrtimantam:
Viśeṣaṇa of prathamajam (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootkīrtimat (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; qualifying prathamajam/putram (understood)
prathamajamthe first-born (son)
prathamajam:
Karma (कर्म/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootprathama (प्रातिपदिक) + ja (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Dvitīyā, Ekavacana; समासः—तत्पुरुषः (प्रथमः जातः = first-born)
kaṁsāyato Kaṁsa
kaṁsāya:
Sampradāna (सम्प्रदान/Recipient)
TypeNoun
Rootkaṁsa (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Caturthī (Dative, 4th), Ekavacana
ānakadundubhiḥĀnakadundubhi (Vasudeva)
ānakadundubhiḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Rootānakadundubhi (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā (Nominative, 1st), Ekavacana; proper name (Vasudeva)
arpayāmāsahanded over/gave
arpayāmāsa:
Kriyā (क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootarpay (धातु, causative of ṛ/arp?)
FormPeriphrastic perfect construction: arpayām + āsa; here treated as Liṭ/Perfect sense, Parasmaipada, Prathama-puruṣa, Ekavacana
kṛcchreṇawith great difficulty
kṛcchreṇa:
Karaṇa (करण/Means; adverbial)
TypeNoun
Rootkṛcchra (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग (Neuter), Tṛtīyā (Instrumental, 3rd), Ekavacana; adverbial instrumental
saḥhe
saḥ:
Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
TypeNoun
Roottad (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; demonstrative pronoun
anṛtātfrom falsehood/lying
anṛtāt:
Hetu/Apādāna (हेतु/अपादान; cause ‘from (fear of) falsehood’)
TypeNoun
Rootanṛta (प्रातिपदिक)
FormNapुंसकलिङ्ग, Pañcamī (Ablative, 5th), Ekavacana
ativihvalaḥgreatly agitated
ativihvalaḥ:
Viśeṣaṇa of saḥ (विशेषण)
TypeAdjective
Rootati (उपसर्ग/अव्यय) + vihvala (प्रातिपदिक)
FormPuṁliṅga, Prathamā, Ekavacana; ‘ati’ as intensifier

In the Vedic system, as soon as a child is born, especially a male child, the father calls for learned brāhmaṇas, and according to the description of the child’s horoscope the child is immediately given a name. This ceremony is called nāma-karaṇa. There are ten different saṁskāras, or reformatory methods, adopted in the system of varṇāśrama-dharma, and the name-giving ceremony is one of them. Although Vasudeva’s first son was to be delivered into the hands of Kaṁsa, the nāma-karaṇa ceremony was performed, and thus the child was named Kīrtimān. Such names are given immediately after birth.

K
Kīrtimān
K
Kaṁsa
Ā
Ānakadundubhi (Vasudeva)

FAQs

This verse shows Vasudeva’s intense distress at the idea of untruth, highlighting satya as a powerful dharmic principle—even under extreme pressure.

Vasudeva had pledged to deliver Devakī’s children to Kaṁsa; despite heartbreak, he honored his vow and handed over the firstborn, Kīrtimān.

It teaches integrity: honoring commitments even when difficult, while recognizing the emotional and ethical weight such choices can carry.