Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 35 Sutra 4 - Arthashastra | Urdu | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 4

Devanagari script

तेषु चैतावच्चातुर्वार्ण्यमेतावन्तः कर्षकगोरक्षकवैदेहककारुकर्मकरदासाश्च एतावच्च द्विपदचतुष्पदमिदं चैषु हिरण्यल्विष्टिशुल्कदण्डं समुत्तिष्ठतीति ॥ कZ_०२.३५.०४ ॥

Transliteration

teṣu caitāvac cāturvārṇyam etāvantaḥ karṣakagorakṣakavaidehakakārukarmakaradāsāś ca; etāvac ca dvipadacatuṣpadam; idaṃ ca eṣu hiraṇya-lviṣṭi-śulka-daṇḍaṃ samuttiṣṭhatīti

Translation

ان میں وہ یہ درج کرے—‘اتنے چاتُروَرنیہ کے ہیں؛ اتنے کاشتکار، گورکشک، ویدیہک (تاجر)، کارو (کاریگر)، کرمکر (مزدور) اور غلام ہیں؛ اتنے دوپائے اور چوپائے ہیں؛ اور ان سے اتنی نقد آمدنی، بیگار/خدمت، محصول/چنگی اور جرمانے حاصل ہوتے ہیں۔’

Word by Word

तेषुamong them / in those (groups)

चand

एतावत्this much; to this extent

चातुर्वार्ण्यम्the four varṇas (fourfold social order)

एतावन्तःso many; of this number

कर्षकfarmers; cultivators

गोरक्षकcowherds; cattle-protectors

वैदेहकvaidehakas (a named occupational group)

कारुartisans

कर्मकरlabourers; workers

दासाःslaves; servants

चand

एतावत्this much; to this extent

चand

द्विपत्bipeds; two-footed beings

चतुष्पत्quadrupeds; four-footed beings

इदम्this

चand

एषुamong these / in these

हिरण्यgold; money

ल्विष्टिforced labour; corvée

शुल्कtoll; duty; fee

दण्डम्punishment; fine

समुत्तिष्ठतिarises; accrues; comes forth

इतिthus

Entities Mentioned

households

occupational groups

livestock holdings

revenue streams (tolls, fines)

FAQs

Why combine occupational counts with tolls and fines?

Occupations predict economic activity and compliance risk; tolls reflect trade volume, and fines reflect enforcement—together enabling revenue projection and governance planning.