Adhyakshaprachara Adhyaya 33 Sutra 8 - Arthashastra | Urdu | Vedapath

Kautilya

Sutra 8

Devanagari script

स मौलभृतश्रेणिमित्रामित्राटवीबलानां सारफल्गुतां विद्यात् निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामं च आयोगमयोगं च कर्मसु ॥ कZ_०२.३३.०८ ॥

Transliteration

sa maulabhṛtaśreṇimitrāmitrāṭavībalānāṃ sāraphalgutāṃ vidyāt nimnasthalaprakāśakūṭakhanakākāśadivārātriyuddhavyāyāmaṃ ca āyogam ayogaṃ ca karmasu

Translation

وہ بادشاہ کے مَول (موروثی) لشکر، بھرت (کرائے کے) لشکر، شرینی (گلڈ) دستے، اتحادی افواج، امِتر (دشمن) افواج اور آٹوی (جنگلی/جنگلاتی قبائلی) قوتوں کی مضبوطی و کمزوری اور قابلِ اعتماد ہونے کا اندازہ کرے؛ اور نشیبی زمین، کھلا میدان، چھپی/گھات کی جگہیں، کھدائی/سرنگ زنی (سَیپنگ)، اور (جہاں موزوں ہو) بلند/فضائی مقامات کے مطابق، دن اور رات کی کارروائیوں کے لیے جنگی مشق کرائے—اور یہ جانے کہ کس کام میں انہیں لگانا ہے اور کس میں نہیں۔

Word by Word

सःhe (the king/commander/agent in context)

मौलभृतstanding/hereditary troops

श्रेणिguilds

मित्रallies

अमित्रenemies

आटवीforest (tribal) forces / forest region

बलानाम्of the forces (troops)

सारstrength, solidity, substance

फल्गुताweakness, insignificance, hollowness

सारफल्गुताम्(their) strength and weakness (true worth vs. hollowness)

विद्यात्should know/should ascertain

निम्नlow-lying

स्थलground, terrain

प्रकाशopen/visible (ground), exposure

कूटconcealment/ambush; hidden (positions)

खनकdigging/excavation (works)

आकाशopen space/sky

दिवाby day / daytime

रात्रिnight

युद्धbattle, fighting

व्यायामexercise, training

निम्नस्थलप्रकाशकूटखनकाकाशदिवारात्रियुद्धव्यायामम्(the factors of) low ground, terrain, openness, concealment/ambush, digging works, open space, day-and-night (operations), battle, and training

चand

आयोगम्proper employment/fitness (effective arrangement)

अयोगम्improper employment/unfitness

चand

कर्मसुin actions/operations

Entities Mentioned

standing troops (maula)

hired troops (bhṛta)

guild contingents (śreṇi)

allied forces (mitra)

enemy forces (amitra)

forest/tribal forces (āṭavī-bala)

FAQs

What is the administrative intent behind listing multiple troop types (maula, bhṛta, śreṇi, etc.)?

To institutionalize differentiated assessment and tasking: each troop category has varying loyalty, endurance, and suitability, so the state must evaluate and employ them accordingly.

What niti concept is prominent here?

Capability-based deployment: assign missions based on tested strength/weakness and context (terrain, time, method), not on labels or assumptions.