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Shloka 1

Śakaṭa-bhañjana, Naming by Garga, Dāmodara and Yamala-arjuna, and the Move to Vṛndāvana

कदाचिच् छकटस्याधः शयानो मधुसूदनः चिक्षेप चरणाव् ऊर्ध्वं स्तन्यार्थी प्ररुरोद च

kadācic chakaṭasyādhaḥ śayāno madhusūdanaḥ cikṣepa caraṇāv ūrdhvaṃ stanyārthī praruroda ca

Minsan, si Madhusudana na anyong sanggol ay nakahiga sa ilalim ng kariton. Sa pagnanais ng gatas ng ina, siya’y umiyak at sa sandaling iyon ay inihagis paitaas ang kanyang munting mga paa.

कदाचित्once, at some time
कदाचित्:
Adhikarana (Time/कालाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकदाचित् (अव्यय)
Formकालवाचक-अव्यय (temporal adverb: 'at some time/once')
शकटस्यof the cart
शकटस्य:
Sambandha (Genitive relation/सम्बन्ध)
TypeNoun
Rootशकट (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन (singular)
अधःbelow, underneath
अधः:
Adhikarana (Location/देशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअधस् (अव्यय)
Formदेशवाचक-अव्यय (spatial adverb: 'below/under')
शयानःlying (down)
शयानः:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeVerb
Rootशी (धातु) + शय (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक)
Formवर्तमानकृदन्त (शतृ), परस्मैपदी; पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; 'lying' (present active participle)
मधुसूदनःMadhusūdana (slayer of Madhu)
मधुसूदनः:
Karta (Subject/कर्ता)
TypeNoun
Rootमधु + सूदन (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (मधुं सूदयति इति); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन
चिक्षेपthrew, flung
चिक्षेप:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootक्षिप् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
चरणौ(his) two feet
चरणौ:
Karma (Object/कर्म)
TypeNoun
Rootचरण (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुल्लिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/कर्म), द्विवचन (dual)
ऊर्ध्वम्upwards
ऊर्ध्वम्:
Adhikarana (Direction/दिशाधिकरण)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootऊर्ध्व (अव्यय/नपुंसक-प्रातिपदिक)
Formदिशावाचक-अव्यय (directional adverb: 'upwards')
स्तन्यार्थीdesiring milk
स्तन्यार्थी:
Karta (Agent/कर्ता)
TypeAdjective
Rootस्तन्य + अर्थिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
Formतत्पुरुष-समास (स्तन्यस्य अर्थी); पुल्लिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying the subject)
प्ररुरोदcried loudly
प्ररुरोद:
Kriya (Action/क्रिया)
TypeVerb
Rootरुद् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परोक्षभूत/Perfect), परस्मैपद; प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन
and
:
Sambandha (Connector/सम्बन्ध)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formसमुच्चयबोधक-अव्यय (conjunction: 'and')

Sage Parāśara (narrating to Maitreya)

V
Vishnu
K
Krishna (Madhusudana)

FAQs

This verse sets the scene for the miracle: Krishna, appearing as a helpless infant, reveals effortless divine sovereignty—his simple upward kick becomes the catalyst for the cart’s destruction in the ensuing narrative.

Parāśara presents a deliberate contrast: Krishna cries for milk like any child, yet he is addressed as Madhusūdana, indicating that the Supreme Lord’s human-like needs are part of lila, not limitation.

The epithet identifies the baby as Vishnu himself—the cosmic victor over evil—affirming that the same Supreme Reality who upholds universal order is present in an intimate, approachable form for devotion.