Rig Veda 5.79.9: Mandala 5, Sukta 79, Mantra 9

Sukta 5.79

Rishi: Syāvāśva Ātreya (traditional)

Devata: Uṣas (with Sūrya as enforcing power)

Chandas: Jagatī (traditional; verify)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

व्युच्छा दुहितर्दिवो मा चिरं तनुथा अपः । नेत्त्वा स्तेनं यथा रिपुं तपाति सूरो अर्चिषा सुजाते अश्वसूनृते ॥

Transliteration

vyùcchā duhitar divo mā́ ciráṃ tanuthā́ ápaḥ | nét tvā stenáṃ yáthā ripúṃ tápāti sū́ro arcíṣā sujāte aśvasūnṛte ||

Translation

Shine forth, O Daughter of Heaven; do not long extend the waters of delay. Let not the Sun scorch you with his flame as he burns a thief, an enemy—O well-born, bringing swift force and the glad word.

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Word by Word

• व्युच्छा: Dawn forth; shine out
• व्युच्छा: (predicate; addressed to the deity)
• Type: Verb
• Root: व्य्-उष् (उष् ‘उष्णाति/उषति’ → ‘उषस्’/‘उषा’ ‘to dawn, shine’) + वि- (upasarga)

• दुहितः: O daughter
• दुहितः: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दुहितृ (prātipadika)

• दिवः: of heaven
• दिवः: Śeṣa (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दिव्/द्यौ (prātipadika ‘heaven, sky’)

• मा: do not
• मा: (negation of the action)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: मा (prohibitive particle)

• चिरम्: for long; long (time)
• चिरम्: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (time-extent)
• Type: Adverb (from adjective)
• Root: चिर (prātipadika)

• तनुथाः: stretch out; prolong
• तनुथाः: (predicate; addressed to Uṣas)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तन् (धातु ‘to stretch, extend’)

• अपः: the waters
• अपः: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अप् (prātipadika ‘water’)

• न: lest; not
• न: (negation of clause)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (particle)

• इत्: indeed; just
• इत्: (emphasis)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इत् (enclitic particle)

• त्वा: you
• त्वा: Karma (object)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्वद् (pronoun)

• स्तेनम्: a thief
• स्तेनम्: Karma (object/complement in comparison)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्तेन (prātipadika)

• यथा: as; like
• यथा: (upamā/relative marker)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: यथा (relative adverb)

• रिपुम्: an enemy
• रिपुम्: Karma (object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: रिपु (prātipadika)

• तपाति: burns; scorches
• तपाति: (predicate)
• Type: Verb
• Root: तप् (धातु ‘to heat, burn’)

• सूरः: the sun
• सूरः: Kartā (agent)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर (prātipadika ‘sun’)

• अर्चिषा: with (his) flame/ray
• अर्चिषा: Karaṇa (instrument/means)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अर्चिस् (prātipadika ‘flame, ray’)

• सुजाते: O well-born one
• सुजाते: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Adjective (used as vocative)
• Root: सु-जात (kṛdanta/prātipadika; ‘well-born’)

• अश्वसूनृते: O Ashva-sūnṛtā (epithet of Uṣas; ‘having good truth/utterance with horses’ / traditional name)
• अश्वसूनृते: Sambodhana (address)
• Type: Noun/Adjective (epithet, vocative)
• Root: अश्व-सूनृत (compound prātipadika; epithet)