Rig Veda 10.35.3: Mandala 10, Sukta 35, Mantra 3

Sukta 10.35

Rishi: Unknown/varied attributions in tradition for RV 10.35; commonly associated with dawn/fire imagery (check specific Anukramaṇī for exact seer)

Devata: Dyāvā-Pṛthivī; Uṣas; Agni (kindled) as the immediate focus for svasti

Chandas: Jagatī (probable)

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

द्यावा नो अद्य पृथिवी अनागसो मही त्रायेतां सुविताय मातरा । उषा उच्छन्त्यप बाधतामघं स्वस्त्यग्निं समिधानमीमहे ॥

Transliteration

dyā́vā no adyá pṛthivī́ anā́gaso mahī́ trā́yetāṁ suvitā́ya mā́tarā | uṣā́ ucchánty ápa bādhatām agháṁ svastí agníṁ samidhānám īmahe ||

Translation

May Heaven and Earth today, the faultless great Mothers, protect us for the happy journey and right going. May the Dawn as she rises drive away the evil; for well-being we seek Agni who is being kindled within.

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Word by Word

• द्यावा: the two heavens (Heaven)
• द्यावा: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: द्याव् (प्रातिपदिक: द्याव्/द्यौ ‘द्यौः’)

• नः: of us / for us
• नः: सम्प्रदान (हित/लाभ-सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: अस्मद्

• अद्य: today, now
• अद्य: अधिकरण (काल)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: अद्य

• पृथिवी: Earth
• पृथिवी: कर्तृ (द्यावा…पृथिवी—समुच्चित कर्तृ)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पृथिवी (प्रातिपदिक)

• अनागसः: faultless, sinless
• अनागसः: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अनागस् (a- + आगस् ‘sin, fault’)

• मही: great, mighty
• मही: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Adjective
• Root: मही (प्रातिपदिक; ‘मह्’ से) অথবা ‘मही’ as adj./noun

• त्रायेताम्: may they two protect
• त्रायेताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: त्रा (धातु) ‘to protect’

• सुविताय: for good passage/welfare
• सुविताय: सम्प्रदान (उद्देश्य/हित)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सुवित (सु- + वित ‘finding/way’, ‘good course, welfare’)

• मातरौ: the two mothers
• मातरौ: कर्तृ (द्यावा-पृथिवी का पुनर्निर्देश)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मातृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• उषाः: Dawn
• उषाः: कर्तृ
• Type: Noun
• Root: उषस् (प्रातिपदिक) ‘Dawn’

• उच्छन्ती: shining forth, rising
• उच्छन्ती: कर्तृ-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (Adjectival) from verb
• Root: वस्/उष्? (धातु: वस् ‘to shine’ से ‘उच्छ्’/‘उद्-छद्’ नहीं; RV में ‘उच्छ्’ = ‘to shine forth, rise’)

• अप: away, off
• अप: (क्रियाविशेषक)
• Type: Indeclinable (preverb) / particle
• Root: अप

• बाधताम्: let her drive away
• बाधताम्: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: बाध् (धातु) ‘to press, drive away, repel’

• अघम्: evil, harm
• अघम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अघ (प्रातिपदिक) ‘evil, harm, sin’

• स्वस्ति: well-being, auspiciously
• स्वस्ति: (क्रियाविशेषक/फल)
• Type: Indeclinable / Noun used adverbially
• Root: स्वस्ति (सु- + अस्ति)

• अग्निम्: Agni
• अग्निम्: कर्म
• Type: Noun
• Root: अग्नि (प्रातिपदिक)

• समिधानम्: being kindled, kindled
• समिधानम्: कर्म-विशेषण
• Type: Participle (past passive) used adjectivally
• Root: सम्-इन्ध् (धातु) ‘to kindle’ → ‘समिधान’ (ppp/part.)

• ईमहे: we seek / we invoke / we approach
• ईमहे: क्रिया
• Type: Verb
• Root: यम् (धातु) ‘to go/strive’ with ā-?; RV ‘ईमहे’ from √इ (to go) / √यम्? traditional: √इ ‘to go, seek’ in 1pl med.