Rig Veda 1.110.3: Mandala 1, Sukta 110, Mantra 3

Sukta 1.110

Rishi: Ribhu-praise tradition within RV 1.110.

Devata: Ribhus, under Savitar’s impulsion.

Chandas: Trishtubh.

Samhita Patha (Devanagari)

तत्सविता वोऽमृतत्वमासुवदगोह्यं यच्छ्रवयन्त ऐतन । त्यं चिच्चमसमसुरस्य भक्षणमेकं सन्तमकृणुता चतुर्वयम् ॥

Transliteration

tát savitā́ vo ’mṛtatvám ā́suvad ágohyaṃ yác chraváyanta áitana | tyáṃ cic camásam ásurasya bhákṣaṇam ékaṃ sántam akṛṇutā́ catúrvayam ||

Translation

That Savitar has breathed into you immortality, a hidden thing, when you went forth making the hearing (of the Truth) manifest. Even that single chalice, the Asura’s vessel of enjoyment, you made into a fourfold form.

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Word by Word

• तत्: that
• तत्: Karma (object of आसुवत्) / or deictic subject depending on construal
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• सविता: Savitar (the impeller, Sun-god)
• सविता: Kartā
• Type: Noun
• Root: सवितृ (प्रातिपदिक)

• वः: for you / your
• वः: Sampradāna/possessive (for you, your)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: युष्मद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• अमृतत्वम्: immortality
• अमृतत्वम्: Karma
• Type: Noun
• Root: अमृतत्व (प्रातिपदिक; अमृत + त्व)

• आ: towards, forth
• आ: —
• Type: Preverb
• Root: आ (उपसर्ग)

• असुवत्: impelled, set in motion, bestowed
• असुवत्: (with सविता as Kartā)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √सू (सुवति) with आ-

• अगोह्यम्: not to be hidden; unconcealable
• अगोह्यम्: Karma (qualifier of object)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अ-गोह्य (प्रातिपदिक; गोह्य ‘to be concealed/hidden’ with privative अ-)

• यत्: which
• यत्: Karma (object of श्रावयन्तः)
• Type: Relative pronoun
• Root: यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)

• श्रावयन्तः: causing (it) to be heard; proclaiming
• श्रावयन्तः: Kartā (they who cause to be heard)
• Type: Verb (participle)
• Root: √श्रु (श्रावयति, causative)

• एतन: this (very thing)
• एतन: Karma (apposition to यत्)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: एतद्/एतन् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; Vedic form)

• त्यम्: that (yonder)
• त्यम्: Karma (object of अकृणुता)
• Type: Pronoun
• Root: त्यद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक; deictic)

• चित्: even
• चित्: —
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: चित् (निपात)

• चमसम्: cup, beaker (Soma-cup)
• चमसम्: Karma (object of अकृणुता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: चमस (प्रातिपदिक)

• असुरस्य: of the Asura (lord)
• असुरस्य: Sambandha (genitive relation)
• Type: Noun
• Root: असुर (प्रातिपदिक)

• भक्षणम्: eating; portion to be eaten
• भक्षणम्: Karma (in apposition/secondary object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भक्षण (प्रातिपदिक; action noun from √भक्ष)

• एकम्: one, single
• एकम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: एक (प्रातिपदिक)

• सन्तम्: being, existing
• सन्तम्: Karma (qualifier)
• Type: Participle (adjectival)
• Root: √अस् (सत्-प्रातिपदिक/कृदन्त)

• अकृणुता: you two made
• अकृणुता: Kartā (you two) with objects tyam/camasam/bhakṣaṇam
• Type: Verb
• Root: √कृ (कृणोति)

• चतुर्वयम्: fourfold; into four portions
• चतुर्वयम्: Karma (resultative complement)
• Type: Adjective/Noun (compound)
• Root: चतुर्-वय (प्रातिपदिक; ‘fourfold/for four men/with four shares’—Vedic compound)