Ramayana — Sundara Kanda, Sarga 62, Shloka 8

मधुवनभङ्गः

The Disruption of Madhuvana and Dadhimukha’s Complaint

Devanagari script

उत्पत्य च ततस्सर्वे वनपालान् समागतान्।ताडयन्ति स्म शतश स्सक्तान्मधुवने तदा।।5.62.8।।

Transliteration

utpatya ca tataḥ sarve vanapālān samāgatān | tāḍayanti sma śataśaḥ saktān madhuvane tadā ॥5.62.8॥

Translation

Pagkaraan, sabay-sabay silang lumundag at paulit-ulit na hinampas sa sandaang paraan ang nagkatipong mga bantay ng halamanan, habang abala ang mga ito roon sa Madhuvana.

Word by Word

• utpatya: having leapt up
• utpatya: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्; adverbial participle)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ut√pat (धातु) + ल्यप् (Kṛdanta)
• Form: Absolutive/Gerund (ल्यप्/क्त्वान्त), from धातु ut√pat ‘to leap up’; action prior to main verb

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; connective)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: Conjunction/particle (समुच्चय/संबन्ध-अव्यय)

• tataḥ: then/thereupon
• tataḥ: Deśa-kāla-adhikaraṇa (देश-काल-अधिकरण; adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tatas (प्रातिपदिक; तद्-तसिल्)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय), ablatival adverb ‘from that/then’ (तसिल्-प्रत्ययार्थ)

• sarve: all (of them)
• sarve: Karta (कर्ता; subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: sarva (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Nominative (प्रथमा), Plural (बहुवचन); pronoun/adjective used substantively

• vanapālān: the grove-guards
• vanapālān: Karma (कर्म; object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: vana + pāla (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: vanasya pālāḥ ‘guards of the grove’

• samāgatān: assembled/gathered
• samāgatān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; qualifier of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: sam-ā√gam (धातु) + क्त (Kṛdanta)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृत), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying vanapālān

• tāḍayanti: they strike/beat
• tāḍayanti: Kriyā (क्रिया; main action)
• Type: Verb
• Root: √tāḍ (धातु)
• Form: Present tense (लट्), Parasmaipada (परस्मैपद), 3rd person (प्रथमपुरुष), Plural (बहुवचन)

• sma: (indeed/then; past narrative marker)
• sma: Kriyā-prayoga-nirdeśaka (क्रियाप्रयोगनिर्देशक; auxiliary particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: sma (अव्यय)
• Form: Particle (स्म-अव्यय) used with finite verb to mark past/narrative emphasis

• śataśaḥ: in hundreds / repeatedly
• śataśaḥ: Kriyāviśeṣaṇa (क्रियाविशेषणम्; manner)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: śataśas (अव्यय; शत-शस्)
• Form: Adverb (अव्यय), distributive ‘by hundreds/in hundreds’ (शस्-प्रत्ययार्थ)

• saktān: engaged/attached (on duty)
• saktān: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण; qualifier of कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: √sañj/√saj (धातु) + क्त (Kṛdanta)
• Form: Past passive participle (क्त/कृत), Masculine (पुंलिङ्ग), Accusative (द्वितीया), Plural (बहुवचन); qualifying vanapālān; sense ‘attached/engaged (in guarding)’

• madhuvane: in Madhuvana (the honey-grove)
• madhuvane: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण; location)
• Type: Noun
• Root: madhu + vana (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: Neuter (नपुंसकलिङ्ग), Locative (सप्तमी), Singular (एकवचन); षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: madhuno vanam ‘honey-grove’

• tadā: then
• tadā: Kāla-adhikaraṇa (काल-अधिकरण; time)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: tadā (अव्यय)
• Form: Temporal adverb (काल-अव्यय)

Context

All the vanaras collected together, entered the Madhuvanam and attacked in many ways the guards protecting the garden.

Characters & Entities

• Madhuvana
• vānarāḥ (vanaras)

FAQs

What is the core ethical principle (Dharma) in this verse?

Dharma includes protection of order and non-harm toward those performing their duty; the guards are doing their assigned role, so violence against them is ethically problematic despite the vanaras’ good news.

What is the narrative situation?

The guards gather to stop the raid, and the vanaras respond by repeatedly striking them within the grove.

Which character virtue is emphasized?

Group solidarity and fearlessness are shown, but the scene also serves as a caution about ungoverned zeal.