Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 51, Shloka 85

Adhyaya 51 — Yaksha Injunctions: Graha-Children and Female Spirits Causing Domestic and Ritual Disruptions

Sanskrit

समाविशन्ति नाशाय चोदयन्तीह दारुणम् ।

अधर्मं धर्मरूपेण कामञ्चाकामरूपिणम् ॥

Transliteration

samāviśanti nāśāya codayantīha dāruṇam / adharmaṃ dharma-rūpeṇa kāmaṃ cākāma-rūpiṇam

Translation

Pumapasok sila sa mga tao upang magwasak, at dito’y itinutulak ang nakapangingilabot—inihahain ang adharma na wari’y dharma, at ang kāma (pagnanasa) na wari’y kawalan ng pagnanasa.

Word by Word

• समाविशन्ति: they enter, pervade
• समाविशन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सम्-आ-विश् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• नाशाय: for destruction
• नाशाय: सम्प्रदान/प्रयोजन (Sampradāna/Purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी-विभक्ति (4th/चतुर्थी), एकवचन; प्रयोजनार्थ (dative of purpose)

• चोदयन्ति: they impel, incite
• चोदयन्ति: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: चुद्/चोद् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), परस्मैपद, प्रथम-पुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन

• इह: here
• इह: देशाधिकरण (Locative adverbial)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: इह (अव्यय)
• Form: देशवाचक अव्यय (adverb of place)

• दारुणम्: terrible, cruel
• दारुणम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Object-qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: दारुण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; विशेषण (qualifying implied object)

• अधर्मम्: unrighteousness
• अधर्मम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अधर्म (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• धर्म-रूपेण: in the guise of righteousness
• धर्म-रूपेण: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument; manner)
• Type: Noun
• Root: धर्म (प्रातिपदिक) + रूप (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, तृतीया-विभक्ति (3rd/तृतीया), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('in the form of dharma')

• कामम्: desire
• कामम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunction)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-बोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अकाम-रूपिणम्: appearing as non-desire
• अकाम-रूपिणम्: कर्म-विशेषण (Qualifier of कामम्)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अकाम (प्रातिपदिक) + रूपिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; समासः—षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष ('having the form of non-desire')

Speakers

• Not explicit in provided excerpt; continuation of the allegorical warning

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Moral deception
• Discernment (viveka)
• Psychology of temptation

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The gravest danger is not open wrongdoing but wrongdoing disguised as virtue; the verse urges discernment to detect counterfeit dharma and hidden desire.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction (ācāra) rather than pancalakṣaṇa cosmology/genealogy.

What is the esoteric significance?

It points to ‘viparyaya’ (inversion of cognition): the mind can relabel impulses as virtue, making self-deception the root of downfall.