Shloka 40

Adhyaya 45 — Jaimini’s Cosmological Questions and the Opening of Markandeya’s Account of Primary Creation

Sanskrit

ससर्ज शब्दतन्मात्रादाकाशं शब्दलक्षणम् ।

आकाशं शब्दमात्रन्तु भूतादिश्चावृणोत्ततः ॥

Transliteration

sasarja śabdatanmātrād ākāśaṃ śabdalakṣaṇam | ākāśaṃ śabdamātraṃ tu bhūtādiś cāvṛṇot tataḥ ||

Translation

Mula sa banayad na diwa ng tunog, nilikha Niya ang ākāśa (eter), na ang katangian ay tunog. Pagkaraan, binalot ng bhūtādi ang eter na yaon, na tanging tunog lamang ang taglay na guna.

Word by Word

• ससर्ज: created/emitted
• ससर्ज: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: सृज् (धातु)
• Form: लिट् (Perfect/परोक्शभूत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd person), एकवचन (singular)

• शब्द-तन्मात्रात्: from the subtle element of sound
• शब्द-तन्मात्रात्: Apādāna (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + तन्मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी विभक्ति (Ablative/अपादान), एकवचन; समासः षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (śabdasya tanmātrāt)

• आकाशम्: ether/space
• आकाशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति (Accusative/कर्म), एकवचन

• शब्द-लक्षणम्: characterized by sound
• शब्द-लक्षणम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + लक्षण (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; समासः तत्पुरुषः (śabda-lakṣaṇam = having sound as its mark)

• आकाशम्: ether
• आकाशम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: आकाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन

• शब्द-मात्रम्: having only sound
• शब्द-मात्रम्: Viśeṣaṇa (विशेषण)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + मात्र (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया विभक्ति, एकवचन; विशेषणम्; समासः तत्पुरुषः (śabda-mātram = only sound)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात (particle), विरोध/विशेषार्थ (contrast/emphasis)

• भूत-आदिः: the origin/source of the elements
• भूत-आदिः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा विभक्ति (Nominative/कर्ता), एकवचन; समासः तत्पुरुषः (bhūtānām ādiḥ = the origin of elements)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha/Avyaya (सम्बन्ध/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयबोधक अव्यय (conjunction)

• अवृणोत्: covered/enveloped
• अवृणोत्: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वृ (धातु)
• Form: लङ् (Imperfect/अनद्यतनभूत), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन

• ततः: thereupon/then
• ततः: Adhikaraṇa/Avyaya (अधिकरण/अव्यय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ततः (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), कारण/अनन्तर (thereupon/then; from that)

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided extract

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "adbhuta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Cosmology
• Mahābhūtas
• Ākāśa
• Śabda

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The text links each element to a defining quality; orderly understanding comes from recognizing defining characteristics rather than confusing categories—an implicit call to clarity and right discernment.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Sarga: transition from tanmātra (subtle) to mahābhūta (gross element), beginning with ākāśa.

What is the esoteric significance?

Ākāśa as the first gross element is still extremely subtle; in yogic symbolism it corresponds to inner spaciousness and the field in which mantra (sound) resonates.