Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 43, Shloka 35

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

येषां विनीतः सततं येऽस्य पूज्यतमा मताः ।

तानेव चावजानाति तानेव च विनिन्दति ॥

Transliteration

yeṣāṃ vinītaḥ satataṃ ye 'sya pūjyatamā matāḥ / tān eva cāvajānāti tān eva ca vinindati

Translation

Yaong mga taong dati niyang laging pinakikitunguhan nang may pagpapakumbaba at itinuturing na pinakadapat parangalan—kapag sinimulan na niyang hamakin at pati sisihin—iyon ay palatandaan (na malapit ang kamatayan).

Word by Word

• yeṣām: of whom
• yeṣām: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रातिपदिक (of whom)

• vinītaḥ: well-disciplined/trained
• vinītaḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: vi-nī (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय, past passive participle), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन; (he is) well-trained/discipled

• satatam: constantly
• satatam: Adhikaraṇa (अधिकरण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: satata (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययीभाववत्)
• Form: अव्यय; नित्यत्ववाचक क्रियाविशेषण (always/constantly)

• ye: who
• ye: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: yad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; सम्बन्ध-प्रातिपदिक (who)

• asya: of him
• asya: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: idam (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी, एकवचन; सर्वनाम

• pūjyatamāḥ: most worthy of worship
• pūjyatamāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: pūjya (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; अतिशय-तमप् (superlative)

• matāḥ: considered
• matāḥ: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: man (धातु)
• Form: कृदन्त (क्त-प्रत्यय), पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन; (they are) considered

• tān: them
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन; सर्वनाम

• eva: indeed/only
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात (only/indeed)

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात (and)

• avajānāti: despises/disregards
• avajānāti: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ava-jñā (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; उपसर्गः अव- (to despise)

• tān: them
• tān: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: tad (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, बहुवचन

• eva: indeed
• eva: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: eva (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; अवधारणार्थक-निपात

• ca: and
• ca: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/निपात)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ca (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चयार्थक-निपात

• vinindati: reviles/censures
• vinindati: Kriyā (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: vi-nind (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार, प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपदम्; उपसर्गः वि-

Speakers

• Not specified in the provided excerpt

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "karuna", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Respect for elders/teachers
• Behavioral omens
• Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇa

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

A collapse of reverence (śraddhā) and humility (vinaya) is treated as spiritually dangerous and existentially ominous. The moral lesson: preserve respect for the worthy; contempt for benefactors and teachers accelerates inner ruin.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Ethical instruction (dharma) ancillary to Purāṇic narrative; not one of the five lakṣaṇas.

What is the esoteric significance?

The ‘turning against the venerable’ symbolizes the ego’s final hardening—severing the channels of grace (guru/elder blessings), leaving the person exposed to karmic fruition at life’s end.