Shloka 3

Adhyaya 43 — Portents of Death (Ariṣṭa-lakṣaṇas) and the Yogin’s Response; Alarka Renounces Kingship

Sanskrit

अरश्मिबिम्बं सूर्यस्य वह्निं चैवांशुमालिनम् ।

दृष्ट्वैकादशमासात् तु नरो नोर्धन्तु जीवति ॥

Transliteration

araśmi-bimbaṃ sūryasya vahniṃ caivāṃśu-mālinam /

dṛṣṭvā ekādaśa-māsāt tu naro nordhvaṃ tu jīvati //

Translation

Kung makita ng isang lalaki ang bilog ng araw na walang sinag, at ang apoy na waring nawalan ng ningning, kung gayon matapos makita ito, hindi siya mabubuhay nang lampas sa labing-isang buwan.

Word by Word

• अ-रश्मि-बिम्बम्: the sun’s disc without rays
• अ-रश्मि-बिम्बम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: अ (नञ्-प्रत्यय/उपसर्गसदृश) + रश्मि (प्रातिपदिक) + बिम्ब (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; नञ्-पूर्वक-तत्पुरुषः (अ-रश्मि) + षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (रश्मि-बिम्ब)

• सूर्यस्य: of the sun
• सूर्यस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/षष्ठी)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सूर्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Genitive singular)

• वह्निम्: fire
• वह्निम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Noun
• Root: वह्नि (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Accusative singular)

• च: and
• च: Samuccaya (समुच्चय)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चयार्थक-अव्यय (conjunction)

• एव: indeed/just
• एव: Avadharana (अवधारण)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: अवधारणार्थक-अव्यय (emphatic particle)

• अंशु-मालिनम्: the ray-garlanded one (the sun)
• अंशु-मालिनम्: Karma (कर्म)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: अंशु (प्रातिपदिक) + मालिन् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया-विभक्ति, एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुषः (अंशूनां मालिनः = having a garland of rays)

• दृष्ट्वा: having seen
• दृष्ट्वा: Kriya (क्रिया; पूर्वक्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: दृश् (धातु)
• Form: क्त्वान्त-अव्यय (gerund/absolutive), ‘having seen’

• एकादश-मासात्: after eleven months
• एकादश-मासात्: Apadana (अपादान; from/after)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एकादश (संख्या-प्रातिपदिक) + मास (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी-विभक्ति, एकवचन; द्विगु-समासः (एकादश मासाः)

• तु: but/indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: विरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय (but/indeed)

• नरः: a man/person
• नरः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: नर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा-विभक्ति, एकवचन (Nominative singular)

• न: not
• न: Nishedha (निषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेधार्थक-अव्यय (negation)

• ऊर्धम्: further/after that
• ऊर्धम्: Desha/Avadhi (देश/अवधि)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: ऊर्ध (प्रातिपदिक/अव्ययप्राय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb), ‘upwards/further’

• तु: indeed
• तु: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध; discourse particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तु (अव्यय)
• Form: पुनरपि-विरोध/विशेषणार्थक-अव्यय

• जीवति: lives
• जीवति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: जीव् (धातु)
• Form: लट्-लकार (Present), प्रथमपुरुष, एकवचन; परस्मैपद

Speakers

• Dattatreya to the king

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Primary Deities

• Sūrya
• Agni

Key Themes

• Ariṣṭa
• Perceptual omens
• Death-prognosis
• Solar/fire symbolism

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The teaching presses urgency: when perception itself changes, one should turn inward and complete one’s spiritual and worldly duties without delay.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Didactic/practical instruction (upadeśa), not a core Pancalakṣaṇa category.

What is the esoteric significance?

Sun and fire represent tejas (vital luminosity). Seeing them ‘without rays’ symbolizes depletion of inner tejas and prāṇa, indicating the subtle body’s withdrawal from sensory engagement.