Shloka 36

Adhyaya 40 — The Yogin’s Impediments (Upasargas), Subtle Concentrations, and the Eight Siddhis

Sanskrit

भूतवर्गादवाप्नोति शब्दाद्यैः ह्रियते न च ।

न चास्य सन्ति शब्दाद्यास्तद्भोक्ता तैर् न युज्यते ॥

Transliteration

bhūtavargād avāpnoti śabdādyaiḥ hriyate na ca / na cāsya santi śabdādyās tadbhoktā tair na yujyate

Translation

Hindi ito naaabot (ibig sabihi’y naaapektuhan) ng pangkat ng mga elemento, ni nadadala ng tunog at iba pa (mga bagay ng pandama). Tunay nga, para rito ay walang tunog at iba pa; at bilang tagaranas ng kalagayang iyon, hindi ito nakapapailalim sa mga iyon.

Word by Word

• भूत-वर्गात्: from the group of elements/beings
• भूत-वर्गात्: Apadana (अपादान)
• Type: Noun
• Root: भूत (प्रातिपदिक) + वर्ग (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, पञ्चमी (5th/Ablative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'from the class/group of elements/beings'

• अवाप्नोति: attains/gets
• अवाप्नोति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अव + आप् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; परस्मैपद

• शब्द-आद्यैः: by sound and the rest (sense-objects/qualities)
• शब्द-आद्यैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन; 'by sound etc.' (ādi as 'and the rest')

• ह्रियते: is carried away/affected
• ह्रियते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: हृ (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive): 'is carried away'

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; समुच्चय

• अस्य: of him/of it
• अस्य: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: इदम् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंस, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), एकवचन

• सन्ति: are/exist
• सन्ति: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: अस् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), बहुवचन; परस्मैपद

• शब्द-आद्याः: sound etc. (sense-objects/qualities)
• शब्द-आद्याः: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शब्द (प्रातिपदिक) + आदि (अव्यय-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), बहुवचन; 'sound etc.'

• तत्-भोक्ता: the enjoyer of those
• तत्-भोक्ता: Karta (कर्ता)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तत् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक) + भोक्तृ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा (1st/Nominative), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष: 'enjoyer of those'

• तैः: by/with those
• तैः: Karana (करण)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुं/नपुंस, तृतीया (3rd/Instrumental), बहुवचन

• न: not
• न: Pratishedha (प्रतिषेध)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय; निषेध

• युज्यते: is connected/associated
• युज्यते: Kriya (क्रिया)
• Type: Verb
• Root: युज् (धातु)
• Form: लट् (Present), प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; आत्मनेपद; कर्मणि प्रयोग (passive): 'is joined/connected'

Speakers

• Teacher addressing a king within moksha instruction

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "jnana", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Sense-withdrawal
• Ātman
• Non-attachment
• Moksha

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Liberation is portrayed as non-entanglement with sense-objects: the Self is not ‘dragged’ by sound and the rest. Practically, it endorses restraint (saṃyama) and dispassion toward sensory allure.

How does this fit the Pancalakṣaṇa (5 characteristics)?

Upadeśa on ātma-svarūpa; not pancalakṣaṇa content.

What is the esoteric significance?

The verse implies a shift from viṣaya-bhoga (object-enjoyment) to svarūpa-sthiti (abidance in one’s nature), where ‘sound etc.’ are recognized as superimpositions on consciousness.