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Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 31, Shloka 30

Adhyaya 31 — Naimittika and Related Śrāddha Rites: Sapiṇḍīkaraṇa, Eligibility, Timing, and Procedure

Sanskrit

निमन्त्रयेत पूर्वेद्युः पूर्वोक्तान् द्विजसत्तमान् ।

दैवे नियोगे पितृ्ये च तांस्तथैवोपकल्पयेत् ॥

Transliteration

nimantrayeta pūrvedyuḥ pūrvoktān dvijasattamān | daive niyoge pitrye ca tāṃstathaivopakalpayet ||

Translation

Sa nakaraang araw, dapat niyang anyayahan ang mahuhusay na Brāhmaṇa na inilarawan na kanina; at para sa handog sa mga diyos at sa ritong para sa mga ninuno, gayundin ay dapat niyang ihanda nang wasto ang lahat para sa kanila.

Word by Word
निमन्त्रयेत्should invite
निमन्त्रयेत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootनि-√मन्त्र् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — Optative 3rd sg; ‘should invite’
पूर्वे-द्युःon the previous day
पूर्वे-द्युः:
कालाधिकरण (Temporal adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + द्युः (प्रातिपदिक)
Formअव्ययीभावसमास; अव्ययवत् प्रयोगः — Indeclinable adverb ‘on the previous day’
पूर्व-उक्तान्previously mentioned
पूर्व-उक्तान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeAdjective
Rootपूर्व (प्रातिपदिक) + उक्त (कृदन्त-प्रातिपदिक, √वच् धातु)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; कृदन्त: क्त-प्रत्ययान्त — Masculine, Accusative plural; ‘previously mentioned’
द्विज-सत्तमान्the best Brahmins
द्विज-सत्तमान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootद्विज (प्रातिपदिक) + सत्तम (प्रातिपदिक; superlative)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन — Masculine, Accusative plural; ‘the best of the twice-born’
दैवेin the divine rite
दैवे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootदैव (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Neuter, Locative singular; ‘in the rite for the gods’
नियोगेin the prescribed arrangement
नियोगे:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootनियोग (प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Masculine, Locative singular; ‘in the appointment/engagement (procedure)’
पितृ्येin the ancestral rite
पितृ्ये:
अधिकरण (Adhikarana/Locative)
TypeNoun
Rootपितृ्य (प्रातिपदिक)
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी (7th), एकवचन — Neuter, Locative singular; ‘in the ancestral rite’
चand
च:
समुच्चय (Conjunction)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootच (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; समुच्चयबोधक — conjunction ‘and’
तान्them
तान्:
कर्म (Karma/Object)
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन — Masculine, Accusative plural; pronoun ‘them’
तथाlikewise
तथा:
क्रियाविशेषण (Adverbial)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; प्रकारवाचक — ‘thus/likewise’
एवindeed/just
एव:
सम्बन्ध (Emphasis)
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव (अव्यय)
Formअव्यय; अवधारणार्थक — particle ‘indeed/just’
उपकल्पयेत्should arrange (them)
उपकल्पयेत्:
क्रिया (Verb)
TypeVerb
Rootउप-√कॢप् (धातु)
Formविधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन — Optative 3rd sg; ‘should prepare/arrange’
Speakers
Didactic narrator within the Purāṇic discourse (Śrāddha injunctions; frame-speaker not explicit in the given excerpt)
Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "dharma", "secondaryRasa": "shanta", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes
DharmaPitṛ PūjāŚrāddha procedureRitual planning

FAQs

Ritual is not improvisation: forethought and respectful invitation are themselves expressions of reverence toward devas, pitṛs, and learned guests.

Ācāra/dharma guidance, auxiliary to the Purāṇa’s core five marks.

Inviting ‘the day before’ signals intentionality: the rite begins in the mind through saṅkalpa and orderly preparation, not only at the moment of offering.

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