Markandeya Purana — Adhyaya 27, Shloka 13

Adhyaya 27 — Madālasa’s Instruction to King Alarka: Royal Ethics, Self-Conquest, and Statecraft

Sanskrit

कामः क्रोधश्च लोभश्च मदो मानस्तथैव च ।

हर्षश्च शत्रवो ह्येते विनाशाय महीभृताम् ॥

Transliteration

kāmaḥ krodhaś ca lobhaś ca mado mānas tathaiva ca /

harṣaś ca śatravo hy ete vināśāya mahībhṛtām

Translation

Pagnanasa, galit, kasakiman, pagkalango (mapagmataas na pagkalito), pagmamataas, at labis na pagdiriwang—ang mga ito ang tunay na kaaway na nagdadala ng kapahamakan sa mga hari.

Word by Word

• कामः: desire
• कामः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: काम (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• क्रोधः: anger
• क्रोधः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: क्रोध (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• लोभः: greed
• लोभः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: लोभ (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• मदः: pride/intoxication
• मदः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मद (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• मानः: arrogance
• मानः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मान (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• तथा: and likewise
• तथा: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: तथा (अव्यय)
• Form: अव्यय (adverb) ‘thus/so’

• एव: indeed
• एव: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: एव (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/particle (emphasis)

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• हर्षः: elation
• हर्षः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: हर्ष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन

• च: and
• च: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/connector)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय (conjunction)

• शत्रवः: enemies
• शत्रवः: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: शत्रु (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• हि: indeed
• हि: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/particle)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: हि (अव्यय)
• Form: निपात/particle (emphasis/reason)

• एते: these
• एते: Karta (कर्ता/Subject)
• Type: Noun
• Root: एतद् (सर्वनाम-प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, बहुवचन

• विनाशाय: for destruction
• विनाशाय: Sampradana (सम्प्रदान/Dative-purpose)
• Type: Noun
• Root: विनाश (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, चतुर्थी (4th/Dative), एकवचन; purpose ‘for destruction’

• महीभृताम्: of kings
• महीभृताम्: Sambandha (सम्बन्ध/Genitive)
• Type: Noun
• Root: मही + भृत् (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/Genitive), बहुवचन; ‘of earth-bearers’ = kings

Speakers

• Didactic instruction within the Markandeya Purana’s nīti/rājadharma discourse (speaker not specified in the provided excerpt)

Verse Rasa

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "dharma", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Kingship
• Ariṣaḍvarga (six inner foes)
• Ethics

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

The greatest threats to leadership are affective extremes: not only lust, anger, and greed, but also arrogance, pride, and even unrestrained delight—because they distort judgment and justice.

How does this fit the Pancalakshana (5 characteristics)?

Ancillary ethical teaching; not pancalakṣaṇa.

What is the esoteric significance?

These ‘enemies’ correspond to recurring mental waves (vṛttis) that dethrone discernment (viveka). The inclusion of harṣa highlights that attachment to pleasure is as binding as aversion.