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Shloka 1

Adhyāya 90 — Protection of Livelihoods, Brahmanical Subsistence Norms, and Royal Oversight (राष्ट्रवृत्ति-राष्ट्रगुप्ति-उपदेशः)

ऑपन- माल छा अपि्>-ऋा-ज एकोननवतितमो<ध्याय: राजाके कर्तव्यका वर्णन भीष्म उवाच वनस्पतीन्‌ भक्ष्यफलात्‌ न च्छिन्द़्ुर्विषये तव | ब्राह्मणानां मूलफल धर्म्यमाहुर्मनीषिण:,भीष्मजी कहते हैं--युधिष्ठिर! जिन वृक्षोंके फल खानेके काम आते हैं, उनको तुम्हारे राज्यमें कोई काटने न पावे, इसका ध्यान रखना चाहिये। मनीषी पुरुष मूल और फलको धर्मतः ब्राह्मणोंका धन बताते हैं। इसलिये भी उनको काटना ठीक नहीं है

Bhīṣma uvāca: Vanaspatīn bhakṣya-phalāt na cchindyuḥ viṣaye tava | Brāhmaṇānāṁ mūla-phalaṁ dharmyam āhur manīṣiṇaḥ ||

Sinabi ni Bhishma: “O Yudhishthira, tiyakin mong sa iyong nasasakupan ay walang sinumang pumutol ng mga punong namumunga ng pagkaing maaaring kainin. Sinasabi ng mga pantas na ang mga ugat at bunga ay yaman na pinahihintulutan ng dharma para sa mga Brahmana; kaya’t ang gayong mga puno ay hindi dapat pabagsakin.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
वनस्पतीन्trees
वनस्पतीन्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootवनस्पति
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
भक्ष्यफलात्from/for edible fruit (i.e., fruit meant to be eaten)
भक्ष्यफलात्:
Apadana
TypeNoun
Rootभक्ष्यफल
FormNeuter, Ablative, Singular
not
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
छिन्द्युःshould cut
छिन्द्युः:
TypeVerb
Rootछिद्
FormOptative (Vidhi-liṅ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
विषयेin the realm/territory
विषये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविषय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
तवof you/your
तव:
TypePronoun
Rootयुष्मद्
Form—, Genitive, Singular
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
मूलफलम्roots and fruits
मूलफलम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमूलफल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
धर्म्यम्righteous/according to dharma
धर्म्यम्:
TypeAdjective
Rootधर्म्य
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
आहुःthey say
आहुः:
TypeVerb
Rootअह्
FormPerfect (Liṭ), 3rd, Plural, Parasmaipada
मनीषिणःthe wise (men)
मनीषिणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमनीषिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
Y
Yudhiṣṭhira
B
Brāhmaṇas
F
fruit-bearing trees (vanaspati)

Educational Q&A

A king’s dharma includes protecting life-supporting resources: fruit-bearing trees should not be cut, since their produce (roots and fruits) is regarded as a legitimate, dharma-approved means of sustenance—especially associated with Brahmin livelihood and ritual economy.

In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on rājadharma, Bhishma continues advising Yudhishthira on practical governance. Here he gives a concrete rule for the realm: prohibit felling edible fruit trees, grounding the policy in dharma and the welfare of Brahmins and society.