Shloka 89
Daṇḍanīti and the King as the Cause of Yuga-Order (दण्डनीतिः राजधर्मश्च युगकारणत्वम्)
अर्ध त्यक्त्वा यदा राजा नीत्यर्धमनुवर्तते | ततस्तु द्वापरं नाम स काल: सम्प्रवर्तते,जब राजा दण्डनीतिके आधे भागको त्यागकर आधेका अनुसरण करता है, तब द्वापर नामक युगका आरम्भ हो जाता है
ardhaṃ tyaktvā yadā rājā nītyardham anuvartate | tatastu dvāparaṃ nāma sa kālaḥ sampravartate ||
Wika ni Bhīṣma: Kapag ang hari ay itinatakwil ang kalahati ng matuwid na pamamalakad at kalahati na lamang ng patakaran ang sinusunod, saka nagsisimulang pumasok ang panahong tinatawag na Dvāpara. Ibig sabihin, ang pagbagsak ng pamamahala—mula sa ganap na pagtalima sa dharma tungo sa bahagya at nakikipagkompromisong paghahari—ang siyang tanda ng pagliko ng panahon patungo sa pagkasira ng asal at dangal.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
A society’s moral age is shaped by the ruler’s commitment to dharmic governance: when a king compromises and practices only partial nīti (righteous policy), it signals a systemic decline, described here as the onset of Dvāpara.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on kingship and dharma, Bhishma explains to the listener how the yugas are recognized through the quality of rule; he states that when kings abandon a significant portion of proper statecraft, the time-character shifts into Dvāpara.