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Shloka 16

जनक–पराशर संवादः — वर्ण-गोत्र-धर्मविचारः

Janaka–Parāśara: Varṇa, Gotra, and Dharma Inquiry

इन्द्रियाणि च कर्ता च विचेतव्यानि भागश: । तमः सत्त्वं रजश्चैव तेडपि भावास्तदाश्रया:

indriyāṇi ca kartā ca vicetavyāni bhāgaśaḥ | tamaḥ sattvaṃ rajaś caiva teḍ api bhāvās tadāśrayāḥ ||

Sinabi ni Bhishma: “Ang mga pandama at ang gumagawa (ang sarili sa loob ng katawan) ay dapat kilalaning magkakahiwalay, bawat isa ayon sa wastong tungkulin at bahagi nito sa pagkilos. Gayundin, ang tamas (dilim), sattva (linaw), at rajas (pagnanasa/pagkilos)—at ang iba’t ibang hilig na nagmumula sa mga ito—ay pawang nakasalalay at nananahan sa mismong sarili. Kaya dapat hatulan ang asal sa pag-unawa kung aling kakayahan ang kumikilos, aling guna ang nangingibabaw, at kung paanong ang sarili ay nagagapos o napapalaya sa pamamagitan ng mga gunang ito.”

इन्द्रियाणिthe sense-organs
इन्द्रियाणि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootइन्द्रिय
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
कर्ताthe doer (agent/self)
कर्ता:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकर्तृ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
विचेतव्यानिare to be discerned/understood
विचेतव्यानि:
TypeVerb
Rootवि + चि
FormGerundive (तव्यत्), Neuter, Nominative, Plural, passive necessity
भागशःby parts; separately; according to division
भागशः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootभागशस्
तमःdarkness; tamas (quality)
तमः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootतमस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
सत्त्वम्sattva (quality)
सत्त्वम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसत्त्व
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
रजःrajas (quality)
रजः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरजस्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed; just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तेthose (i.e., these)
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अपिalso
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
भावाःstates; dispositions; modes
भावाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभाव
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तदाश्रयाःdependent on that; resting on it
तदाश्रयाः:
TypeAdjective
Rootतद् + आश्रय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
I
indriyāṇi (the senses)
K
kartā (the agent/doer)
S
sattva
R
rajas
T
tamas

Educational Q&A

Discernment (viveka): distinguish the senses from the agent and understand how the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas) and their resulting dispositions operate with the self as their locus. Ethical judgment and liberation-oriented practice depend on recognizing which faculty and which guṇa is driving behavior.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira by presenting an analytical framework: separate the roles of senses and agent, and interpret conduct through the dynamics of the guṇas and their mental states.