Bhūta-guṇa-saṃkhyāna
Enumeration of the Properties of the Elements and Cognitive Faculties
यथा वारिचर: पक्षी न लिप्यति जले चरन् । विमुक्तात्मा तथा योगी गुणदोषैर्न लिप्यते
yathā vāricaraḥ pakṣī na lipyati jale caran | vimuktātmā tathā yogī guṇadoṣair na lipyate ||
Ipinaliwanag ni Vyāsa na kung paanong ang ibong naninirahan sa tubig ay gumagalaw sa tubig ngunit hindi nadudungisan o natatali rito, gayon din ang yogin na may malayang diwa: maaari siyang mamuhay sa gitna ng daigdig ngunit nananatiling di-nadadapuan ng mga katangian at kapintasan nito. Ang aral na etikal ay kalayaan sa loob: maaaring kumilos at manahan sa lipunan, ngunit walang pagkapit, walang pag-aangkin ng sarili, at walang pagdungis ng budhi sa anumang masalubong.
व्यास उवाच
A truly liberated yogin remains inwardly unattached: even while living and acting in the world, he is not morally or psychologically stained by its attractions (guṇa) or defects (doṣa), just as a bird in water is not smeared by water.
In Śānti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Vyāsa is teaching through a vivid simile, clarifying how a person established in freedom can continue worldly life without being bound by it.