Shloka 8
Adhyāya 241: Guṇa-sṛṣṭi, Kṣetrajña-sākṣitva, and Śama through Ātma-jñāna (गुणसृष्टिः, क्षेत्रज्ञसाक्षित्वं, शमः)
कर्मणा जायते प्रेत्य मूर्तिमान्ू षोडशात्मक: । विद्यया जायते नित्यमव्यक्त हाव्ययात्मकम्
bhīṣma uvāca | karmaṇā jāyate pretya mūrtimān ṣoḍaśātmakaḥ | vidyayā jāyate nityam avyaktam avyayātmakam ||
Wika ni Bhishma: Sa pamamagitan ng gawa (karma), pagkamatay, ang nilalang ay muling isinisilang na may nahahawakang katawan na binubuo ng labing-anim na simulain. Ngunit sa pamamagitan ng tunay na kaalaman (vidyā), siya’y laging “isinisilang” sa—ibig sabihin, nakakamtan—ang Di-nahahayag (avyakta) at Di-nasisira, na walang hanggang diwa.
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Actions (karma) bind the self to post-mortem rebirth in an embodied form made of the ‘sixteen principles,’ whereas liberating knowledge (vidyā/jñāna) leads to realization/attainment of the unmanifest, imperishable reality—i.e., freedom from embodied becoming.
In the Shanti Parva’s instruction on dharma and liberation, Bhishma continues his discourse to Yudhishthira by contrasting two paths and outcomes: karmic continuity producing another embodied existence versus knowledge culminating in the unmanifest, undecaying principle (paramātman/brahman).