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Shloka 37

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

कथमस्मद्विधो नाम जानन्‌ लोकप्रवृत्तय: । कालेनाभ्याहत: शोचेन्मुहोद्‌ वाप्यथ विशभ्रमेत्‌

katham asmad-vidho nāma jānan loka-pravṛttayaḥ | kālenābhyāhataḥ śocen muho vāpy atha viśabhramet ||

Wika ni Bhīṣma: “Paano magagawa ng isang tulad ko—na nakauunawa sa takbo ng daigdig—na ituring kang pinakamahalaga? Sapagkat alam ko na ang pag-angat at pagbagsak ay mula sa Panahon (kapalaran, puwersa ng hinog na bunga ng gawa). Ang nilalang na tinamaan ng Panahon ay maaaring malugmok sa dalamhati, mahulog sa pagkalito ng isip, o maligaw sa pag-unawa.”

कथम्how?
कथम्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootकथम्
अस्मद्विधःone like me
अस्मद्विधः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootअस्मद्विध
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
नामindeed/forsooth
नाम:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootनाम
जानन्knowing
जानन्:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootज्ञा
Formशतृ (present active participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
लोकप्रवृत्तयःthe ways/activities of the world
लोकप्रवृत्तयः:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootलोकप्रवृत्ति
FormFeminine, Accusative, Plural
कालेनby time/fate
कालेन:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकाल
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अभ्याहतःstruck/afflicted
अभ्याहतः:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootअभि-आ-हन्
Formक्त (past passive participle), Masculine, Nominative, Singular
शोचेत्might grieve
शोचेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootशुच्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), present (potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
मुहुःagain and again / suddenly
मुहुः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootमुहुः
उत्or (emphatic/alternative particle)
उत्:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootउत्
वाor
वा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootवा
अपिalso/even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अथthen/and/or else
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
विषभ्रमेत्might become deluded / wander in confusion
विषभ्रमेत्:
TypeVerb
Rootवि-भ्रम्
FormVidhi-lin (optative), present (potential), Third, Singular, Parasmaipada

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhīṣma
K
kāla (Time/Fate)

Educational Q&A

That worldly elevation and decline are governed by Kāla (Time/fate), and therefore one should not overvalue personal importance; when struck by Time, beings naturally fall into grief, delusion, or confusion.

Bhishma, instructing in the Shanti Parva, reflects on how understanding the world’s course leads to a sober view: suffering and mental disturbance arise when Time turns against a person, so one should interpret events through the lens of Kāla rather than ego or personal blame.