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Shloka 23

ब्राह्मणस्य पूर्वतरा वृत्तिः — The Earlier Ideal Conduct of a Brahmana

River-of-Saṃsāra Metaphor

यस्तु शत्रोर्वशस्थस्य शक्तो5पि कुरुते दयाम्‌ । हस्तप्राप्तस्य वीरस्य तं चैव पुरुषं विदु:

yastu śatror vaśasthasya śakto 'pi kurute dayām | hastaprāptasya vīrasya taṃ caiva puruṣaṃ viduḥ ||

Wika ni Bhīṣma: Kahit may kapangyarihang magparusa, kung ang isang tao ay nagpapakita ng habag sa kaaway na napasailalim na sa kanyang kapangyarihan—sa isang matapang na kalabang nasa kanyang kamay na—kinikilala siya ng mga marurunong bilang tunay na marangal.

यःwho
यः:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
शत्रोःof an enemy
शत्रोः:
TypeNoun
Rootशत्रु
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वशस्थस्यbeing under (one's) control
वशस्थस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootवशस्थ
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
शक्तःable, capable
शक्तः:
TypeAdjective
Rootशक्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अपिeven/also
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
कुरुतेdoes, shows (performs)
कुरुते:
TypeVerb
Rootकृ
FormPresent, Indicative, Atmanepada, Third, Singular
दयाम्compassion, mercy
दयाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदया
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
हस्तप्राप्तस्यof one who has come into (one's) hand; captured
हस्तप्राप्तस्य:
TypeAdjective
Rootहस्तप्राप्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
वीरस्यof the hero/warrior
वीरस्य:
TypeNoun
Rootवीर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
तम्him
तम्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
पुरुषम्man, person
पुरुषम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपुरुष
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
विदुःknow, consider
विदुः:
TypeVerb
Rootविद्
FormPerfect, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
enemy (śatru)
H
heroic warrior (vīra)

Educational Q&A

True nobility is shown when one has the strength to harm but chooses compassion toward an enemy who is already subdued or captured; mercy in victory is presented as a higher ethical virtue than retaliation.

In the Śānti Parva’s instruction on righteous conduct, Bhīṣma teaches Yudhiṣṭhira principles of kingship and moral strength, highlighting that sparing a defeated foe reflects superior character and dharmic restraint.