Shloka 3
Keśava-tattva-kathana
On the Principle of Keśava: Cosmogony and Divine Epithets
भीष्म उवाच तथेत्येवं प्रतिश्रुत्य धर्म सम्पूज्य च प्रभो । यम॑ काल च मृत्युं च स्वर्ग सम्पूज्य चाहत:
bhīṣma uvāca | tathety evaṃ pratiśrutya dharmaṃ sampūjya ca prabho | yamaṃ kālaṃ ca mṛtyuṃ ca svargaṃ sampūjya cāhataḥ |
Sinabi ni Bhīṣma: “Pagkasang-ayon niya sa mga salitang ‘Gayon nga,’ pinarangalan ng Brahmana si Dharma, at saka sinamba si Yama, ang Panahon, ang Kamatayan, at ang Langit bilang mga banal na kapangyarihang dapat igalang. Matapos magbigay-galang—yumukod sa paanan ng mga Brahmanang naroon na at ng mga dakilang Brahmanang dumating pa—ginawa niya ang nararapat na paggalang, at saka niya kinausap ang hari.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse underscores reverence for Dharma and the cosmic regulators—Yama (moral recompense), Kāla (time), Mṛtyu (mortality), and Svarga (the fruit of merit). Ethically, it models humility and proper conduct: before speaking to power (the king), one honors the moral order and pays due respect to the learned.
Bhishma narrates that a Brahmin first agrees (“So be it”), then performs worship of Dharma and other personified cosmic powers, and respectfully honors the Brahmins present. Having completed these courtesies, he proceeds to address the king, setting a solemn and dharmic frame for what he is about to say.