Shloka 12

Devanagari script

ततो<5परे सुबहवो भरतानां महारथा: । प्राद्रवन्त भयत्रस्ता हियाविष्टा विचेतस:

Transliteration

tato 'pare bahavo bharatānāṁ mahārathāḥ | prādravan bhayatrastā hriyāviṣṭā vicetasaḥ ||

Translation

Wika ni Sañjaya: Pagkatapos, marami pang ibang dakilang mandirigmang nakasakay sa karwahe mula sa hukbong Bharata, yumanig sa takot at nagtakbuhan nang nagmamadali—nilamon ng hiya at nawalan ng malinaw na paghatol.

Word by Word

ततःthen; thereafter

अपरेothers

सुबहवःvery many

भरतानाम्of the Bharatas

महारथाःgreat chariot-warriors

प्राद्रवन्तran away; fled

भयत्रस्ताःterrified by fear

हियाविष्टाःpossessed by fear/terror (lit. entered by 'hiya')

विचेतसःbewildered; senseless

Speaker

संजय उवाच

Characters & Entities

Sañjaya

Bharatas (Kuru host)

mahārathas (great chariot-warriors)

Character Dynamics

Dharma Sankata (Moral Dilemma)

War Context

Verse Rasa (Emotional Essence)

Philosophical Teaching

Political Layer

Geographic Context

Meter (Chandas)

Sandhi Notes

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse highlights how fear can overpower even eminent warriors, leading to loss of discernment (vicetasaḥ) and a collapse of honor-conscious conduct (hriyāviṣṭāḥ). Ethically, it points to the fragility of kṣatriya resolve when inner steadiness fails.

What is happening in the narrative?

In the midst of the Karṇa Parva battle, many Bharata-side great chariot-warriors become terrified and, confused and ashamed, break formation and flee.