Shloka 323
Adhyāya 41 — Kṛṣṇa’s Battlefield Briefing and the Renewal of the Great Engagement
उपसर्गाद् बहुधा सूदतेश्व प्रायेण सर्व त्वयि तच्च महाम् । “शद् शास, शो, शू, श्वस् अथवा षद् तथा नाना प्रकारके उपसर्गोंसे युक्त सूद* धातुसे भी शत्रु शब्दकी सिद्धि होती है। मेरे प्रति इन सभी धातुओंका सारा तात्पर्य तुममें संघटित होता है
sañjaya uvāca | upasargād bahudhā sūdateśva prāyeṇa sarva tvayi tac ca mahām | ṣaḍ śāsa, śo, śū, śvas athavā ṣaḍ tathā nānā-prakārake upasargaiḥ yukta sūd-dhātose’pi śatru-śabdasya siddhir bhavati | mama prati etāsu sarvāsu dhātuṣu sarva-tātparyaṁ tum̐me saṅghaṭitaṁ bhavati |
Sinabi ni Sañjaya: “Sa lakas ng mga panlaping-una, sa maraming paraan, karaniwang naihahango ang diwang ‘kaaway’—maging mula sa ugat na pandiwang sūd kapag ikinabit sa iba’t ibang preberbo. Ngunit, O dakila, ang lahat ng lilim ng kahulugang iyon, kapag pinagsama, ay waring nagtatagpo sa iyo kaugnay ko: anumang maipahiwatig ng salitang ‘kaaway’ sa gayong mga pag-uugat, ang ganap na saysay nito ay tila nagkatawang-tao sa iyo.”
संजय उवाच
Educational Q&A
The verse highlights how language can gather many nuanced meanings—here, the idea of ‘enemy’—and how, in a moral and emotional context, those nuances can be felt as fully realized in a particular person. It underscores the ethical weight of enmity: hostility is not merely a label but a convergence of intentions and actions.
Sañjaya speaks in a reflective, rhetorically charged way, invoking grammatical/derivational reasoning about how the word ‘enemy’ can be formed. He then applies that layered meaning to a personal relationship, implying that the full sense of antagonism is, for him, concentrated in the addressed ‘great one’.