Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 21

Karṇa’s Camp-Council Discourse: Dhṛtarāṣṭra’s Lament, Sañjaya’s Counsel, and Karṇa’s Request for Śalya

Book 8, Chapter 22

पराजित्य रणे तं तु कौरव्यं पाण्डुनन्दन: । दुर्योधनबलं दृष्टवा प्रममाथ समनन्‍्तत:,कुरुवंशी दुःशासनको रणभूमिमें पराजित करके पाण्डुनन्दन सहदेवने दुर्योधनकी सेनाको वहाँ उपस्थित देख उसे सब ओरसे मथ डाला

parājitya raṇe taṃ tu kauravyaṃ pāṇḍunandanaḥ | duryodhanabalaṃ dṛṣṭvā pramamātha samantataḥ ||

Wika ni Sañjaya: “Matapos mapabagsak sa labanan ang Kaurava na iyon, ang anak ni Pāṇḍu—nang makita ang mga hukbo ni Duryodhana na nakahanay doon—ay sumalakay at dinurog sila sa lahat ng panig.”

पराजित्यhaving defeated
पराजित्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपराजि (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
रणेin battle
रणे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootरण
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, सप्तमी, एकवचन
तम्him/that (one)
तम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootतद् (सर्वनाम)
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
तुbut/indeed
तु:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतु
कौरव्यम्the Kaurava (warrior)
कौरव्यम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकौरव्य
Formपुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
पाण्डुनन्दनःPāṇḍu’s son (Sahadeva)
पाण्डुनन्दनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपाण्डुनन्दन
Formपुंलिङ्ग, प्रथमा, एकवचन
दुर्योधनबलम्Duryodhana’s army/force
दुर्योधनबलम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootदुर्योधनबल
Formनपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया, एकवचन
दृष्ट्वाhaving seen
दृष्ट्वा:
TypeVerb
Rootदृश् (धातु)
Formक्त्वा (absolutive/gerund), कर्तरि
प्रममाथcrushed/overpowered
प्रममाथ:
TypeVerb
Rootमथ् (धातु)
Formलिट् (परस्मैपद), perfect (narrative past), प्रथम, एकवचन
समन्ततःon all sides
समन्ततः:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootसमन्ततः

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
P
Pāṇḍunandana (Sahadeva)
K
Kaurava (Duhśāsana, per Gītā Press gloss)
D
Duryodhana
D
Duryodhana’s army
B
battlefield (raṇa-bhūmi)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the battlefield ethic of kṣatriya-dharma: after overcoming an opponent, a warrior must immediately confront the larger threat without hesitation. It also reflects the escalating nature of conflict—individual duels rapidly expand into collective devastation.

Sahadeva (a Pāṇḍava) defeats a Kaurava warrior—identified in the Gītā Press note as Duhśāsana—and then, seeing Duryodhana’s forces present, attacks and routs them from all directions.