Shloka 45

गन्धर्वनगराकारान्‌ रथांश्वैव सुकल्पितान्‌ । विनीतैर्जवनैर्युक्तानास्थितान्‌ युद्धदुर्मदै:,धनंजय अपने बाणोंद्वारा सुशिक्षित घोड़ोंसे जुते हुए, रणदुर्मद रथियोंकी सवारीमें आये हुए एवं गन्धर्वनगरके समान आकारवाले सुसज्जित रथोंके टुकड़े-टुकड़े करते हुए शत्रुओंपर बाण बरसाते और सजे-सजाये घुड़सवारों एवं पैदलोंको भी मार गिराते थे

sañjaya uvāca | gandharvanagarākārān rathāṁś caiva sukalpitān | vinītair javanair yuktān āsthitān yuddha-durmadān ||

Sinabi ni Sañjaya: Si Dhananjaya (Arjuna), na nagbubuhos ng ulang palaso sa kaaway, ay dinurog at pinagpira-piraso ang mga karwaheng mahusay ang pagkakayari—na anyong tulad ng kamangha-manghang lungsod ng mga Gandharva—na hinihila ng mga kabayong mabilis at disiplinado at sinasakyan ng mga mandirigmang lasing sa kapalaluan ng digmaan. Sa iisang paglusob ding iyon, pinabagsak niya ang mga magagarang kabalyero at ang mga kawal na naglalakad.

गन्धर्वनगराकारान्having the form of a Gandharva-city (illusory city)
गन्धर्वनगराकारान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootगन्धर्वनगराकार
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
रथान्chariots
रथान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
सुकल्पितान्well-constructed / well-arranged
सुकल्पितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootसु-कल्पित
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
विनीतैःby well-trained (disciplined)
विनीतैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootविनीत
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural
जवनैःhorses (swift ones)
जवनैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootजवन
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
युक्तान्yoked / harnessed
युक्तान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयुक्त
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
आस्थितान्mounted/occupied (ridden)
आस्थितान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootआ-स्था (धातु: स्था)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
युद्धदुर्मदैःby those maddened with battle-fury
युद्धदुर्मदैः:
Karana
TypeAdjective
Rootयुद्ध-दुर्मद
FormMasculine/Neuter, Instrumental, Plural

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhananjaya (Arjuna)
G
Gandharvas
C
chariots (ratha)
H
horses (javana)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights the ethical warning against yuddha-durmada—battle-born arrogance. Splendor, numbers, and pride do not protect one in adharma-driven conflict; disciplined prowess and steadfast purpose can overturn even impressive military displays.

Sanjaya describes Arjuna’s battlefield action: he rains arrows, breaks apart well-equipped chariots drawn by trained swift horses and ridden by war-proud fighters, and he also fells decorated cavalry and infantry.