Previous Verse
Next Verse

Shloka 9

Chapter 12: Arjuna’s suppression of the Saṃśaptakas and duel with Aśvatthāmā

Drauṇi

रथा रथैरविमथिता मत्ता मन्तैद्विपा द्विपै: सादिन: सादिभिश्लैव तस्मिन्‌ परमसंकुले

sañjaya uvāca | rathā rathair avimathitā mattā mantair dvipā dvipaiḥ sādinaḥ sādibhiś caiva tasmin paramasaṅkule | dhṛṣṭadyumnaḥ kṛpeṇātha tasmin vīravarakṣaye | śikhaṇḍī kṛtavarmāṇaṃ samāsādayad acyutam ||

Wika ni Sañjaya: Sa pinakamasalimuot na sagupaan—kung saan ang mga karwahe’y nagbabanggaan, ang mga nagngangalit na elepante’y sinasalubong ng mga elepanteng kalaban, at ang mga kabalyero’y naglalaban sa kapwa kabalyero—nakipagtuos si Dhrishtadyumna kay Kripa sa gitna ng paglipol sa mga dakilang bayani. Si Shikhandi, di matinag, ay lumapit upang makipaglaban kay Kritavarma.

रथाःchariots
रथाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
रथैःby/with chariots
रथैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootरथ
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
अविमथिताःnot shaken/undisturbed
अविमथिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-मथ् (अविमथित = न विमथित)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मत्ताःmaddened/intoxicated
मत्ताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootमत्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मतैःby opinions/counsels
मतैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootमत
FormNeuter, Instrumental, Plural
द्विपाःelephants
द्विपाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विप
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विपैःby/with elephants
द्विपैः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootद्विप
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
सादिनःhorsemen
सादिनः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सादिभिःby/with horsemen
सादिभिः:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootसादिन्
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Plural
एवindeed/just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तस्मिन्in that (battle/scene)
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
परम-संकुलेin the extremely confused (tumultuous) (place/battle)
परम-संकुले:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootपरम + संकुल
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
धृष्टद्युम्नःDhrishtadyumna
धृष्टद्युम्नः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधृष्टद्युम्न
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृपेणwith Kripa
कृपेण:
Karana
TypeNoun
Rootकृप (कृपाचार्य)
FormMasculine, Instrumental, Singular
अथthen/and
अथ:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअथ
तस्मिन्in that
तस्मिन्:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
वीर-वर-क्षयेin the destruction of the best heroes
वीर-वर-क्षये:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootवीर + वर + क्षय
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular
शिखण्डीShikhandi
शिखण्डी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशिखण्डिन् (शिखण्डी)
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
कृतवर्माणम्Kritavarman
कृतवर्माणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootकृतवर्मन् (कृतवर्मा)
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
समासादयत्met/engaged/attacked
समासादयत्:
TypeVerb
Rootसम्-आ-√सद्
FormImperfect (Laṅ), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
अच्युतम्unfailing/firm (here: steadfast)
अच्युतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअच्युत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sanjaya
D
Dhrishtadyumna
K
Kripa (Kṛpācārya)
S
Shikhandi (Śikhaṇḍī)
K
Kritavarma (Kṛtavarmā)
C
chariots
E
elephants
H
horsemen

Educational Q&A

The verse underscores the grim ethical tension of kṣatriya-dharma: even revered elders and famed heroes are drawn into relentless combat, and the battlefield’s chaos magnifies the cost of violence and the weight of duty-bound action.

Sanjaya describes a densely packed, chaotic battle where chariots, elephants, and cavalry collide. In this turmoil, Dhrishtadyumna fights Kripa, while Shikhandi advances to engage Kritavarma.