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Mahabharata 7.21.39Drona Parva, Adhyaya 21, Shloka 39

द्रोणविक्रमदर्शनम् / The Display of Droṇa’s Onslaught and the Debate on Pāṇḍava Regrouping

कवचोर्मिध्वजावर्ता मर्त्यकूलापहारिणीम्‌ । गजवाजिमहाग्राहामसिमीनां दुरासदाम्‌

kavacormidhvajāvartā martyakūlāpahāriṇīm | gajavājimahāgrāhām asimīnām durāsadām ||

Wika ni Sañjaya: Si Drona—makapangyarihan sa tapang, matatag sa katotohanan, marunong, malakas, at tunay na bayani—ay nagpadaloy sa larangan ng digmaan ng isang nakapanghihilakbot na ilog ng dugo, na wari’y mga tubig sa panahon ng pagkalusaw ng daigdig. Pinanginginig nito ang mga duwag. Ang mga alon nito’y mga baluting bakal, ang mga ipu-ipo’y mga watawat; winawasak nito ang mga pampang na yari sa mga katawan ng tao. Ang mga elepante at kabayo sa loob nito’y parang malalaking buwaya, at ang mga espada’y mga isda. Ang ilog na iyon ay halos di matawid—larawan ng digmaang lumalamon, kung saan sinusubok ang tapang at tungkulin sa gitna ng walang kapantay na pagwasak.

कवचarmours
कवच:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकवच
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
ऊर्मिwaves
ऊर्मि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootऊर्मि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
ध्वजbanners/flags
ध्वज:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootध्वज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
आवर्ताःwhirlpools/eddies
आवर्ताः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआवर्त
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मर्त्यof mortals/men
मर्त्य:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootमर्त्य
FormNeuter, Genitive, Plural
कूलbanks/shores
कूल:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकूल
FormNeuter, Nominative, Plural
अपहारिणीम्carrying away/robbing away
अपहारिणीम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप-हृ (अपहर्) + णिनि (अपहारिणी)
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
गजelephants
गज:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootगज
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वाजिhorses
वाजि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवाजिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
महाग्राहाम्having great crocodiles (as its creatures)
महाग्राहाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमहाग्राह
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular
असिswords
असि:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअसि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
मीनाम्fishes
मीनाम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootमीन
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
दुरासदाम्hard to approach/cross
दुरासदाम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootदुरासद
FormFeminine, Accusative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Droṇa
B
battlefield (raṇabhūmi)
R
river of blood (metaphor)
A
armor (kavaca)
B
banners (dhvaja)
E
elephants (gaja)
H
horses (vāji)
S
swords (asi)

Educational Q&A

The verse uses a powerful metaphor—war as an unfordable river—to highlight the overwhelming, devouring nature of battle. It implicitly warns of war’s moral and physical cost, even while acknowledging kṣatriya valor and the grim inevitability of death for mortals.

Sañjaya reports to Dhṛtarāṣṭra that Droṇa’s onslaught has made the battlefield flow like a terrifying river of blood. The scene is described through extended imagery: armor as waves, banners as whirlpools, elephants and horses as crocodiles, and swords as fish—conveying chaos and near-impossibility of escape.

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