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Shloka 42

Bhīṣma–Karṇa Saṃvāda on the Śaraśayyā (भीष्म–कर्ण संवादः शरशय्यायाम्)

तथैव तावका: सर्वे पुरस्कृत्य यतव्रतम्‌ । शिखण्डिप्रमुखान्‌ पार्थान्‌ योधयन्ति सम संयुगे

tathaiva tāvakāḥ sarve puraskṛtya yatavratam | śikhaṇḍipramukhān pārthān yodhayanti samaṃ yuge ||

Sinabi ni Sañjaya: Gayundin, ang lahat ng iyong mga mandirigma ay inilagay sa unahan si Bhīṣma, ang mahigpit sa panata, at nakipagsagupaan nang pantay sa mga kampeon ng Pāṇḍava na pinangungunahan ni Śikhaṇḍin.

तथाthus, in the same way
तथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootतथा
एवindeed, just
एव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootएव
तावकाःyour (men), your side's
तावकाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootतावक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
पुरस्कृत्यhaving placed in front; having put forward
पुरस्कृत्य:
TypeVerb
Rootपुरस्-कृ
FormAbsolutive (क्त्वा/ल्यप्), Parasmaipada (usage)
यतव्रतम्one of restrained vow; vow-observant
यतव्रतम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootयत-व्रत
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
शिखण्डि-प्रमुखान्having Śikhaṇḍin as foremost; led by Śikhaṇḍin
शिखण्डि-प्रमुखान्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootशिखण्डि-प्रमुख
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
पार्थान्the sons of Pṛthā (Pāṇḍavas)
पार्थान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपार्थ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
योधयन्तिthey fight (against); they engage in battle
योधयन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootयुध्
FormPresent, Indicative, Parasmaipada, Third, Plural
समेin equal/level (battle); in fair combat
समे:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootसम
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Singular
संयुगेin battle, in combat
संयुगे:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootसंयुग
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

संजय उवाच

S
Sañjaya
D
Dhṛtarāṣṭra (implied by ‘your’)
B
Bhīṣma
Ś
Śikhaṇḍin
P
Pārthas (Pāṇḍavas)
K
Kauravas (Tāvakāḥ)

Educational Q&A

The verse highlights how personal discipline and vows (vrata)—exemplified by Bhīṣma—become sources of authority and morale in war, yet remain entangled with ethical complexity: revered virtue is deployed as an instrument within a violent conflict.

Sañjaya reports that the Kaurava forces advance with Bhīṣma at their head and engage the Pāṇḍava side, especially the warriors led by Śikhaṇḍin, in a direct and evenly matched confrontation on the battlefield.