Shloka 3

प्रतिग्रहभेदः — The Distinction between Giving and Accepting

Vṛṣādarbhī–Saptarṣi Dialogue

Devanagari script

भीष्म उवाच यथा श्राद्धं सम्प्रवृत्तं यस्मिन्‌ काले यदात्मकम्‌ । येन संकल्पितं चैव तन्‍्मे शूणु जनाधिप

Transliteration

bhīṣma uvāca | yathā śrāddhaṃ sampravṛttaṃ yasmin kāle yadātmakam | yena saṅkalpitaṃ caiva tan me śṛṇu janādhipa ||

Translation

Sinabi ni Bhishma: “O panginoon ng mga tao, makinig ka sa akin. Isasalaysay ko kung paano unang nagsimulang isagawa ang ritwal na śrāddha—kung kailan at sa anong paraan ito nagsimula, ano ang tunay nitong diwa, at kung sino ang unang nagbalak at nagtatag nito.”

Word by Word

• {'bhīṣma uvāca': 'Bhishma said', 'yathā': 'how, in what manner', 'śrāddham': 'the śrāddha rite

• ancestral offering performed with faith', 'sampravṛttam': 'set in motion

• became established', 'yasmin kāle': 'at which time

• in what period/occasion', 'yad-ātmakam (yadātmakam)': 'of what nature

• having what essential character', 'yena': 'by whom

• through whom', 'saṅkalpitam': 'resolved upon

• formally intended/ordained (as a rite)', 'ca eva': 'and indeed

• also', 'tat': 'that (matter)', 'me': 'from me

• my', 'śṛṇu': 'hear

• listen', 'janādhipa': 'O ruler of people

Speaker

भीष्म उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Bhishma
• Janādhipa (the king, i.e., Yudhishthira)
• Śrāddha

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

The verse frames śrāddha as a dharmic institution whose authority rests on its origin, proper time, and essential nature; Bhishma signals that correct ritual practice depends on understanding its intended purpose and the precedent set by the first institutor.

What is happening in the narrative?

Bhishma begins a didactic explanation to the king (Yudhishthira), introducing a forthcoming account of when śrāddha began, what constitutes it, and who first established it as a formal rite.