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Shloka 7

Cyavana’s Water-Vow and the Ethics of Cohabitation (स्नेह-सम्वास-धर्मः)

भीष्म उवाच ब्राह्मण: क्षत्रियो वैश्यस्त्रयो वर्णा द्विजातय: । एतेषु विहितो धर्मों ब्राह्मणस्य युधिष्ठिर

bhīṣma uvāca | brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyas trayo varṇā dvijātayaḥ | eteṣu vihito dharmo brāhmaṇasya yudhiṣṭhira |

Sinabi ni Bhishma: “O Yudhiṣṭhira, ang Brahmana, Kshatriya, at Vaishya—ang tatlong varna na ito ay tinatawag na ‘dvija’ (dalawang ulit na isinilang). Kaya ayon sa dharma, sa loob ng tatlong varna na ito itinakda ang pag-aasawa ng isang Brahmana.”

भीष्मःBhishma
भीष्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभीष्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
उवाचsaid
उवाच:
TypeVerb
Rootवच्
FormPerfect (Paroksha-bhuta), 3rd, Singular, Parasmaipada
ब्राह्मणःa Brahmin
ब्राह्मणः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
क्षत्रियःa Kshatriya
क्षत्रियः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootक्षत्रिय
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वैश्यःa Vaishya
वैश्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवैश्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
त्रयःthree
त्रयः:
TypeAdjective
Rootत्रि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
वर्णाःclasses/varnas
वर्णाः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवर्ण
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
द्विजातयःtwice-born (as a class)
द्विजातयः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootद्विजाति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
एतेषुamong these
एतेषु:
Adhikarana
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine/Neuter, Locative, Plural
विहितःprescribed/ordained
विहितः:
TypeAdjective
Rootवि-धा
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular, Past passive participle (क्त)
धर्मःduty/law
धर्मः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootधर्म
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
ब्राह्मणस्यof a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणस्य:
Sampradana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
युधिष्ठिरO Yudhishthira
युधिष्ठिर:
TypeNoun
Rootयुधिष्ठिर
FormMasculine, Vocative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
Y
Yudhishthira
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)
K
Kshatriya (Kṣatriya)
V
Vaishya (Vaiśya)
D
Dvija (twice-born)

Educational Q&A

Bhishma defines the ‘twice-born’ (dvija) as the three varnas—Brahmin, Kshatriya, and Vaishya—and states that a Brahmin’s marriage is dharmically prescribed within these groups.

In Bhishma’s instruction to Yudhishthira on dharma (Anushasana Parva), he is laying down normative social-religious rules, here specifying the accepted marital sphere for a Brahmin according to traditional dharma.