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Shloka 16

Adhyāya 39 — Yudhiṣṭhira’s inquiry on attachment (saṅga) and relational restraint

भूमिरेतो निगिरति सर्पो बिलशयानिव । राजानं चाप्ययोद्धारं ब्राह्मणं चाप्रवासिनम्‌

bhūmir eto nigirati sarpo bilaśayān iva | rājānaṃ cāpy ayoddhāraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ cāpravāsinam ||

Sinabi ni Soma: “Gaya ng ahas na lumulunok sa maliliit na nilalang na naninirahan sa mga lungga, gayon din nilulunok ng lupa (ibig sabihin, ibinabagsak sa kapahamakan at pagkalimot) ang haring ayaw lumaban at ang Brahmin na ayaw lumakbay upang maghanap ng karunungan. Sa madaling sabi, ang pagpapabaya sa sariling tungkulin—tapang at pag-iingat para sa Kshatriya, at disiplinadong pag-aaral sa pamamagitan ng paglalakbay at pagsasanay para sa Brahmin—ay humahantong sa pagkalugmok, gaya ng biktimang kinakain ng ahas.”

भूमिःthe earth
भूमिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootभूमि
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
एतान्these (persons)
एतान्:
Karma
TypePronoun
Rootएतद्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
निगिरतिswallows
निगिरति:
TypeVerb
Rootगिर् (गॄ) + नि
FormPresent, Third, Singular, Parasmaipada
सर्पःa snake
सर्पः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसर्प
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
बिलशयान्hole-dwellers (creatures living in burrows)
बिलशयान्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootबिलशय
FormMasculine, Accusative, Plural
इवlike, as
इव:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootइव
राजानम्a king
राजानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अपिalso, even
अपि:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootअपि
अयोद्धारम्one who does not fight (a non-combatant)
अयोद्धारम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootअयोद्धृ
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ब्राह्मणम्a Brahmin
ब्राह्मणम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
अप्रवासिनम्one who does not go abroad/does not travel (for study)
अप्रवासिनम्:
Karma
TypeAdjective
Rootअप्रवासिन्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular

सोम उवाच

S
Soma
E
earth (Bhūmi)
S
serpent (Sarpa)
K
king (Rājā)
B
Brahmin (Brāhmaṇa)

Educational Q&A

The verse teaches svadharma: a Kshatriya who refuses rightful battle and a Brahmin who refuses the disciplined pursuit of learning (including necessary travel/sojourn for study) both fall into decline. Neglect of one’s ordained responsibilities leads to being ‘consumed’ by worldly consequences.

Soma delivers a moral analogy: just as a snake devours small burrow-dwelling creatures, the earth metaphorically devours those who abandon their social and ethical duties—specifically, the non-fighting king and the non-studying (non-traveling for learning) Brahmin.