Shloka 34
तीर्थवंशोपदेशः
Tīrtha-vaṃśa Upadeśa: Instruction on the Fruits of Sacred Waters
भरतश्रेष्ठ! जो ब्राह्मण श्राद्धकी समाप्ति होनेपर “अस्तु स्वधा” आदि तत्कालोचित वचनोंका प्रयोग नहीं करता है, उसे गायकी झूठी शपथ खानेका पाप लगता है ।।
bhīṣma uvāca | bharataśreṣṭha! yo brāhmaṇaḥ śrāddhasya samāptau “astu svadhā” ity-ādi tatkālaucitāni vacanāni na prayuṅkte, tasya gāvaḥ kṛtvā mṛṣāśapathasya pāpaṃ bhavati || yudhiṣṭhira! yasmin dine supātra-brāhmaṇaḥ prāpyate, dadhi ghṛtaṃ ca prāpyate, amāvāsyā-tithiḥ ca, araṇyajāni kandamūlaphalapīṭhāni ca labhyante, sa eva śrāddhasyottamaḥ kālaḥ ||
Sinabi ni Bhīṣma: “O pinakamainam sa mga Bharata, kung ang isang Brahmin, sa pagtatapos ng śrāddha, ay hindi bumibigkas ng napapanahong pangwakas na mga pormula gaya ng ‘astu svadhā,’ nagkakamit siya ng kasalanang katulad ng pagsumpang-bula tungkol sa isang baka. O Yudhiṣṭhira, ang pinakamainam na panahon para sa śrāddha ay yaong araw na makakamit ang isang karapat-dapat na Brahmin na tatanggap, kasama ang curd at ghee, ang araw ng bagong buwan, at mga bunga ng gubat gaya ng mga tuber, ugat, at laman ng prutas—kapag nagsama-sama ang mga ito, ang pagkakataong iyon mismo ang nagiging mapalad na oras.”
भीष्म उवाच
Educational Q&A
Ritual dharma depends not only on intention but also on correct, timely speech and procedure: omitting the proper concluding formulae of śrāddha is treated as a serious ethical fault. Further, the ‘best time’ for śrāddha is pragmatically defined as the convergence of a worthy recipient and suitable offerings (including amāvāsyā and appropriate foods), emphasizing fitness and availability over rigid calendrical formalism.
In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction section, Bhīṣma continues advising Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma after the war. Here he gives specific guidance on śrāddha: the necessity of uttering the concluding words like “astu svadhā,” and the criteria by which a day becomes an excellent occasion for performing the rite.