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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 38

वृद्धानां भारतप्तानां स्त्रीणां चक्रधरस्य च । ब्राह्मणानां गवां राज्ञां पन्थानं ददते च ये

vṛddhānāṃ bhārataptānāṃ strīṇāṃ cakradharasya ca | brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ rājñāṃ panthānaṃ dadate ca ye ||

Sinabi ni Bhīṣma: “Yaong magalang na nagbibigay-daan sa matatanda, sa mga nabibigatan ng pasan, sa mga babae, sa may dalang gulong (mangangabayo ng kariton o kutsero), at gayundin sa mga Brahmin, sa mga baka, at sa mga hari—sila’y dapat ituring na mabubuti at may wastong asal. Ipinakikita ng aral na ito na ang paggalang sa lansangan ay kongkretong anyo ng dharma: pag-una sa mahihina, sa iginagalang ng lipunan, at sa mga gumaganap ng mahahalagang tungkulin.”

वृद्धानाम्of the elderly
वृद्धानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootवृद्ध
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
भार-तप्तानाम्of those afflicted by burden
भार-तप्तानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeAdjective
Rootभारतप्त
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
स्त्रीणाम्of women
स्त्रीणाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootस्त्री
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
चक्रधरस्यof the discus-bearer (Vishnu/king)
चक्रधरस्य:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun/Adjective
Rootचक्रधर
FormMasculine, Genitive, Singular
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
ब्राह्मणानाम्of Brahmins
ब्राह्मणानाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootब्राह्मण
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
गवाम्of cows
गवाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootगो
FormFeminine, Genitive, Plural
राज्ञाम्of kings
राज्ञाम्:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootराजन्
FormMasculine, Genitive, Plural
पन्थानम्path, way
पन्थानम्:
Karma
TypeNoun
Rootपथिन्/पन्थान्
FormMasculine, Accusative, Singular
ददतेthey give (yield)
ददते:
Karta
TypeVerb
Rootदा (ददाति)
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
and
:
TypeIndeclinable
Root
येwho
ये:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootयद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
E
elders (vṛddha)
B
burdened persons (bhāratapta)
W
women (strī)
W
wheel-bearer / cart-driver (cakradhara)
B
Brahmins (brāhmaṇa)
C
cows (go)
K
kings (rājan)

Educational Q&A

Dharma is shown through everyday conduct: one should yield the path and show deference to elders, the burdened, women, Brahmins, cows, and rulers. Courtesy and protection of the vulnerable and revered are treated as marks of a sādhū (virtuous person).

In the Anushasana Parva’s instruction on righteous behavior, Bhishma enumerates practical signs of good character. Here he lists categories of people (and sacred/socially honored beings) to whom one should give way on the road, presenting civic respect as a component of dharma.