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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 104

Rudra-Śiva: Names, Two Natures, and the Logic of Epithets (रुद्रनाम-बहुरूपत्व-प्रकरणम्)

पितृलोकसमीपस्थास्त उज्छन्ति यथाविधि । इनके अतिरिक्त दूसरे भी बहुत-से शुद्धचित्त, दयाधर्मपरायण एवं पुण्यात्मा संत हैं, जिनमें कुछ चक्रचर (चक्रके समान विचरनेवाले), कुछ सोमलोकमें रहनेवाले तथा कुछ पितृलोकके निकट निवास करनेवाले हैं। ये सब शास्त्रीय विधिके अनुसार उज्छवृत्तिसे जीविका चलाते हैं || १०३ $ ।।

pitṛlokasamīpasthās ta ujjhanti yathāvidhi | samprakṣālāśmakutṭāśn dantolūkhalikāśn te |

Wika ni Śrī Maheśvara: “May marami pang ibang asceta na dalisay ang isip, mahabagin, nakatuon sa dharma, at hitik sa kabutihan—may ilan na gumagalaw sa landasing ‘tila gulong,’ may ilan na nananahan sa daigdig ni Soma, at may ilan na naninirahan malapit sa kaharian ng mga Pitṛ (mga ninuno). Lahat sila’y namumuhay ayon sa tuntunin ng śāstra sa pamamagitan ng ujjha na kabuhayan (pamumuhay sa mga natira). Sa kanila, may tinatawag na samprakṣāla, may aśmakutṭa, at may dantolūkhalika. Namumuhay sila malapit sa mga diyos na tinatawag na mga ‘umiinom ng Soma’ at mga ‘umiinom ng init’; wala silang asawa, pinipigil ang mga pandama, at nagpapatuloy sa mahigpit na pamumuhay na nakasalig sa mga natira, ayon sa dharma.”

पितृलोकसमीपस्थाःthose dwelling near the world of the Pitṛs
पितृलोकसमीपस्थाः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootपितृलोकसमीपस्थ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
उज्झन्तिlive by / subsist on (leftovers); practice uच्छवृत्ति
उज्झन्ति:
TypeVerb
Rootउज्झ्
FormPresent, Third, Plural, Parasmaipada
यथाas, according to
यथा:
TypeIndeclinable
Rootयथा
विधिrule, prescribed method
विधि:
Adhikarana
TypeNoun
Rootविधि
FormMasculine, Locative, Singular

श्रीमहेश्वर उवाच

Ś
Śrī Maheśvara (Śiva)
P
Pitṛloka
S
Somaloka
P
Pitṛs (ancestors)
S
Somapa deities
U
Uṣṇapa deities
S
samprakṣāla (ascetic type)
A
aśmakutṭa (ascetic type)
D
dantolūkhalika (ascetic type)
U
ujjhavṛtti (ascetic livelihood)

Educational Q&A

The passage praises disciplined ascetic livelihoods that follow śāstric rules: living on what is left over (ujjhavṛtti), remaining celibate, and practicing strict sense-restraint. Ethical purity (śuddhacitta), compassion (dayā), and steadfastness in dharma are presented as the defining virtues of such renunciants.

Maheśvara enumerates different classes of austere sages and where they dwell (near Pitṛloka or in Somaloka), describing their distinctive modes of subsistence (samprakṣāla, aśmakutṭa, dantolūkhalika) and their proximity to certain deities (Somapa and Uṣṇapa), emphasizing their regulated, renunciant way of life.