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Mahabharata — Anushasana Parva, Shloka 11

Agastya-Māhātmya and Vasiṣṭha’s Protection of the Ādityas

Khalina Daityas; Sarayū Etiology

चिकित्सक: काण्डपृष्ठ: पुराध्यक्ष: पुरोहित: । सांवत्सरो वृथाध्यायी सर्वे ते शूद्रसम्मिता:

bhīṣma uvāca | cikitsakaḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhaḥ purādhyakṣaḥ purohitaḥ | sāṃvatsaro vṛthādhyāyī sarve te śūdrasammitāḥ ||

Wika ni Bhishma: “Ang manggagamot na ginagawang hanapbuhay ang pagpapagaling, ang nabubuhay sa pagbebenta ng karunungan, ang pinuno ng nayon o bayan, ang pari (purohita) na naglilingkod para sa ikabubuhay, ang taunang manghuhula (astrologo), at ang nag-aaral ng mga walang saysay na aklat na hiwalay sa Veda at śāstra—ang mga ito, bagama’t ipinanganak na Brahmin, ay itinuturing na katumbas ng Śūdra.”

चिकित्सकःphysician
चिकित्सकः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचिकित्सक
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
काण्डपृष्ठःone who lives by (selling/reciting) texts/chapters (a book-monger)
काण्डपृष्ठः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootकाण्डपृष्ठ
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुराध्यक्षःvillage/town headman
पुराध्यक्षः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुराध्यक्ष
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पुरोहितःfamily priest
पुरोहितः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपुरोहित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सांवत्सरःastrologer/annual prognosticator
सांवत्सरः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootसांवत्सर
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वृथाध्यायीone who studies vain/irrelevant books
वृथाध्यायी:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootवृथा-अध्यायिन्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
सर्वेall
सर्वे:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootसर्व
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
तेthey
ते:
Karta
TypePronoun
Rootतद्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
शूद्रसम्मिताःconsidered equal to a śūdra
शूद्रसम्मिताः:
Karta
TypeAdjective
Rootशूद्र-सम्मित
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural

भीष्म उवाच

B
Bhishma
B
Brahmin (brāhmaṇa)
S
Shudra (śūdra)
P
physician (cikitsaka)
T
town/village headman (purādhyakṣa)
P
priest (purohita)
A
annual prognosticator/astrologer (sāṃvatsara)

Educational Q&A

The verse asserts that Brahmin status is not merely hereditary; when a Brahmin abandons Vedic-śāstric discipline and turns learning or priestly functions into mere livelihood, or pursues non-authoritative/fruitless study, he is socially classified as ‘Śūdra-like’—a moral judgment about conduct and vocation.

In the Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction on dharma, Bhishma is enumerating categories of Brahmins whose occupations or modes of life are viewed as falling away from the ideal Brahminical standard, thereby affecting their recognized social-religious standing.