Shloka 22

Śāṇḍilī–Sumanā-saṃvāda: Sat-strī-samudācāra and Pati-dharma

Conduct of the Virtuous Wife

Devanagari script

सुखादेव परं दुःखं दुःखादप्यपरं सुखम्‌ । दृश्यते हि महाप्राज्ञ नियतं वै स्वभावत:

Transliteration

sukhād eva paraṃ duḥkhaṃ duḥkhād apy aparaṃ sukham | dṛśyate hi mahāprājña niyataṃ vai svabhāvataḥ ||

Translation

Wika ni Vyāsa: “Mula sa mismong ligaya, sumisibol ang higit na dalamhati; at mula rin sa dalamhati, sumisibol ang panibagong ligaya. Ito’y tunay na nakikita, o lubhang marunong: ayon sa likas na katangian, ang paghalili nito’y nakatakda. Ang kumakapit sa sarap ng pandama ay mula sa ligaya bumabagsak sa matinding pagdurusa; ngunit ang nagtitiis ng hirap sa pamamagitan ng pag-aayuno at disiplina ay nakikitang nakakamtan ang ligaya mula sa mismong pagdurusang iyon.”

Word by Word

• {'sukhāt': 'from happiness/pleasure', 'eva': 'indeed

• precisely', 'paraṃ': 'higher

• further', 'duḥkham': 'sorrow

• suffering', 'duḥkhāt': 'from suffering', 'api': 'also

• even', 'aparam': 'other

• further', 'sukham': 'happiness

• well-being', 'dṛśyate': 'is seen

• is observed', 'hi': 'for

• indeed', 'mahāprājña': 'O great sage/wise one (vocative)', 'niyatam': 'fixed

• regular', 'vai': 'indeed (emphatic particle)', 'svabhāvataḥ': 'by nature

Speaker

व्यास उवाच

Characters & Entities

• Vyasa (Veda Vyasa)
• mahāprājña (addressed wise person)

Educational Q&A

What is the core teaching?

Pleasure and pain are interlinked: attachment to sense-pleasures tends to culminate in suffering, while disciplined endurance of hardship (tapas, restraint) can mature into lasting well-being. The verse frames this as a regular pattern rooted in human nature (svabhāva).

What is happening in the narrative?

In Anuśāsana Parva’s instruction-focused discourse, Vyāsa addresses a ‘greatly wise’ listener and states an observed moral-psychological principle: the pursuit of indulgent pleasure often reverses into misery, whereas voluntary hardship undertaken for discipline and virtue can yield happiness.