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Shloka 55

Śama-prāptiḥ — Gautamī–Lubdhaka–Pannaga–Mṛtyu–Kāla-saṃvāda

Restraint through the Analysis of Karma and Time

आदित्यश्रन्द्रमा विष्णुरापो वायु: शतक्रतुः । अग्नि:खं पृथिवी मित्र: पर्जन्यो वसवो5दिति:

ādityaś candramā viṣṇur āpo vāyuḥ śatakratuḥ | agniḥ khaṃ pṛthivī mitraḥ parjanyo vasavo 'ditiḥ ||

Wika ni Bhīṣma: “Ang Araw, ang Buwan, si Viṣṇu, ang mga Tubig, ang Hangin, si Śatakratu (Indra), ang Apoy, ang Kalawakan, ang Daigdig, si Mitra, si Parjanya (diyos ng ulan), ang mga Vasu, at si Aditi—ang mga ito’y dapat maunawaang mga kapangyarihang banal na lumalaganap sa buong sanlibutan.” Sa aral na ito, itinuturo ni Bhīṣma na sa maraming pangalan at anyo, iisang sagradong kaayusan ang kinikilala; kaya nararapat ang paggalang, pagpipigil, at matuwid na asal sa lahat ng nilalang at sa mga sangkap na nagtataguyod ng buhay.

आदित्यःthe Sun (Aditya)
आदित्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootआदित्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
चन्द्रमाthe Moon
चन्द्रमा:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootचन्द्रमस्
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
विष्णुःVishnu
विष्णुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootविष्णु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
आपःthe waters
आपः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअप्
FormFeminine, Nominative, Plural
वायुःthe wind
वायुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवायु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
शतक्रतुःShatakratu (Indra; 'of a hundred rites')
शतक्रतुः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootशतक्रतु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
अग्निःAgni (fire)
अग्निः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअग्नि
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
खम्the sky/space
खम्:
Karta
TypeNoun
Root
FormNeuter, Nominative, Singular
पृथिवीthe earth
पृथिवी:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपृथिवी
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular
मित्रःMitra (deity of friendship/contract)
मित्रः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootमित्र
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
पर्जन्यःParjanya (rain-cloud/rain-god)
पर्जन्यः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootपर्जन्य
FormMasculine, Nominative, Singular
वसवःthe Vasus
वसवः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootवसु
FormMasculine, Nominative, Plural
अदितिःAditi
अदितिः:
Karta
TypeNoun
Rootअदिति
FormFeminine, Nominative, Singular

भीष्म उवाच

Ā
Āditya (Sun)
C
Candramā (Moon)
V
Viṣṇu
Ā
Āpaḥ (Waters)
V
Vāyu
Ś
Śatakratu (Indra)
A
Agni
K
Kha (Space/Sky)
P
Pṛthivī (Earth)
M
Mitra
P
Parjanya
V
Vasus
A
Aditi
B
Bhīṣma

Educational Q&A

The verse presents a catalog of major Vedic divine powers identified with cosmic elements and sustaining forces (sun, moon, water, wind, fire, earth, rain, etc.). The ethical thrust is to cultivate reverence and disciplined conduct by recognizing the sacred presence that upholds the world through many names and forms.

In Anuśāsana Parva, Bhīṣma instructs Yudhiṣṭhira on dharma. Here he enumerates prominent deities and elemental powers, situating moral instruction within a cosmological frame: dharma aligns human behavior with the forces that sustain life and social order.