Hiraṇyakaśipu’s Wrath, the Assault on Vedic Culture, and the Boy-Yamarāja’s Teaching on the Soul
शकुनिं शम्बरं धृष्टिं भूतसन्तापनं वृकम् । कालनाभं महानाभं हरिश्मश्रुमथोत्कचम् ॥ १८ ॥ तन्मातरं रुषाभानुं दितिं च जननीं गिरा । श्लक्ष्णया देशकालज्ञ इदमाह जनेश्वर ॥ १९ ॥
śakuniṁ śambaraṁ dhṛṣṭiṁ bhūtasantāpanaṁ vṛkam kālanābhaṁ mahānābhaṁ hariśmaśrum athotkacam
O Hari, bagaman nag-aalab sa galit si Hiraṇyakaśipu, bihasa siya sa pamamalakad kaya alam niyang kumilos ayon sa panahon at kalagayan. Sa matatamis na salita, inaliw niya ang kanyang mga pamangkin—Śakuni, Śambara, Dhṛṣṭi, Bhūtasantāpana, Vṛka, Kālanābha, Mahānābha, Hariśmaśru, at Utkaca—at pinayapa rin ang kanilang ina na si Ruṣābhānu, gayundin ang sarili niyang ina na si Diti; at saka siya nagsalita nang ganito.
They are prominent asuras (demonic leaders/associates) whom Hiraṇyakaśipu called together as he consolidated power.
He is organizing his demonic allies and commanders to strengthen his rule and pursue his anti-Viṣṇu agenda described in this chapter’s narrative.
It highlights how leaders shape outcomes through the company they keep—wise seekers choose sādhus and devotional association rather than alliances based on ego and domination.