भयमवृत्तिरमर्ष इति कौटिल्यः ॥ कZ_०७.६.३१ ॥
bhayam avṛttir amarṣa iti kauṭilyaḥ
Sabi ni Kauṭilya: (ang mapagpasiyang batayan) ay takot, pagkawala ng kabuhayan/pantustos, at sama ng loob (poot).
He reduces them to three practical drivers: threat (fear), inability to sustain oneself (avṛtti), and accumulated grievance (amarṣa).