मणिः कौटोमालेयकः पारसमुद्रकश्च ॥ कZ_०२.११.२८ ॥
maṇiḥ kauṭomāleyakaḥ pārasamudrakaśca
Kabilang sa mga hiyas ang mga uring tinatawag na ‘kauṭomāleyaka’ at ‘pārasamudraka’.
Origin labels allow differentiated pricing, duty assessment, and risk controls (counterfeits, substitution) in long-distance luxury trade.