Shloka 45

Rules of Purity (Shauca) — Rules of Purity (Śauca), Permissible Foods, and the Duties of the Householder and Forest-Dweller

Devanagari script

नेक्षेत् परस्त्रियं नग्नां न संभाषेन तस्करान् उद्क्यादर्शनं स्पर्शं संभाषं च विवर्जयेत्

Transliteration

nekṣet parastriyaṃ nagnāṃ na saṃbhāṣena taskarān udkyādarśanaṃ sparśaṃ saṃbhāṣaṃ ca vivarjayet

Translation

ไม่พึงมองภรรยาของผู้อื่นเมื่อเปลือยกาย; ไม่พึงสนทนากับโจร. พึงเว้นการเห็น การสัมผัส และการสนทนากับสตรีมีระดู (อุทักยา) ด้วย

Word by Word

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation)

• ईक्षेत्: should look
• ईक्षेत्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: ईक्ष् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative/विधिलिङ्), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; 'should look/see'

• परस्त्रियम्: another’s woman
• परस्त्रियम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: पर-स्त्री (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd/द्वितीया), एकवचन; षष्ठी-तत्पुरुष; object: 'another man’s woman'

• नग्नाम्: naked
• नग्नाम्: विशेषण (Qualifier)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: नग्न (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; विशेषण of परस्त्रियम्

• न: not
• न: निषेध (Negation)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: न (अव्यय)
• Form: निषेध-अव्यय (negation)

• संभाषेन: by conversation
• संभाषेन: करण (Karaṇa/Instrument)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्-भाष् (धातु) + ल्युट् → संभाष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, तृतीया (3rd), एकवचन; करण: 'by/with conversation'

• तस्करान्: thieves
• तस्करान्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: तस्कर (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), बहुवचन; object (understood verb: 'should not address')

• उदक्य: of a menstruating woman
• उदक्य: सम्बन्ध (Genitive relation/षष्ठी)
• Type: Adjective
• Root: उदक्य (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: स्त्रीलिङ्ग, षष्ठी (6th/षष्ठी), एकवचन; 'of a menstruating woman' (genitive dependent of the following nouns)

• दर्शनम्: seeing
• दर्शनम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: दृश् (धातु) + ल्युट् → दर्शन (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: नपुंसकलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of विवर्जयेत्

• स्पर्शम्: touching
• स्पर्शम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: स्पृश् (धातु) + घञ् → स्पर्श (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of विवर्जयेत्

• संभाषम्: talking/conversation
• संभाषम्: कर्म (Karma/Object)
• Type: Noun
• Root: सम्-भाष् (धातु) + घञ् → संभाष (प्रातिपदिक)
• Form: पुंलिङ्ग, द्वितीया (2nd), एकवचन; object of विवर्जयेत्

• च: and
• च: समुच्चय (Conjunctive)
• Type: Indeclinable
• Root: च (अव्यय)
• Form: समुच्चय-अव्यय (conjunction)

• विवर्जयेत्: should avoid
• विवर्जयेत्: क्रिया (Kriyā/Verb)
• Type: Verb
• Root: वि-√वृज्/वर्ज् (धातु)
• Form: विधिलिङ् (Optative), परस्मैपद, प्रथमपुरुष (3rd), एकवचन; 'should avoid'

Speakers

• Likely Pulastya → Nārada (standard Vāmana Purāṇa dialogue frame; specific attribution not provided in input)

Key Themes

• Dharma
• Sense-restraint
• Association ethics (saṅga)
• Ritual purity norms

Verse Rasa (Emotional Flavour)

{ "primaryRasa": "shanta", "secondaryRasa": "bhayanaka", "rasaIntensity": 0, "emotionalArcPosition": "", "moodDescriptors": [] }

FAQs

What is the philosophical or ethical takeaway?

Dharma is protected by guarding the senses and one’s company: avoid situations that inflame desire (improper gaze), normalize crime (talk with thieves), or violate purity rules (contact with udakyā per traditional norms).

How does this fit the Pancalakshana?

Ācāra/dharma instruction (conduct and purity) embedded within Purāṇic teaching; ancillary to the core five marks, but commonly present as guidance sustaining righteous social order tied to vamśa and kingship.

What is the symbolic significance?

The triad ‘seeing–touching–speaking’ maps escalation from mental contact to social entanglement; the verse cautions that dharmic downfall often begins with small permissions at the level of perception and association.